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《民法总则》规定网络虚拟财产的意义

2017-08-15 07:14:41   中国经济网

在网络交易平台上发生的交易,最经常出现的民事纠纷,就是关于网络店铺的权属争议。在互联网交易蓬勃发展的背景下,网络店铺移转囿于现行法律法规滞后、理论争议较大,而引发司法实务界的法律适用无措。确认网络虚拟财产具有物的属性而可以建立所有权,就能够确认对于网络店铺这种网络虚拟财产的占有、使用、收益的法律关系,就是网络店铺的租赁合同。这个法律关系才是债权法律关系,而不是因为这个债权法律关系而使网络虚拟财产即网络店铺成为债权。网络店铺本身是客观存在,它不存在相对的权利义务关系,只有就网络店铺的占有、使用、收益确立的双方的法律关系,才是债的法律关系。即使发生权属争议,由于《民法总则》127条规定了网络虚拟财产作为民事权利客体,而不是民事权利本身,就能够改变法律实务界的法律适用无措的现状,建立正常的网络交易平台以及网络店铺的交易秩序。

《民法总则》127条规定网络虚拟财产作为民事权利客体的重要价值之一,就是为网络交易平台提供者与网络用户提供网络平台交易服务的法律关系提供物质基础的法律保障,确认利用网络交易平台提供网络店铺给网络店铺经营者使用的债权法律关系,进而确立相互之间的正常的权利义务内容,保障交易秩序。可以确定,网络店铺的经营者与网络交易平台提供者之间发生的网络店铺的权属争议,就是对网络虚拟财产使用权的争议,而不是对网络虚拟财产所有权的争议。即使争议的是网络店铺的转移纠纷,也能够基于对网络虚拟财产的确定性,而适用债权转移的合同法规则,就能够完全改变网络店铺移转囿于现行法律法规滞后、理论争议较大,而引发司法实务界的适用无措的状况。

四是为网络虚拟财产的继承提供法律保障。

在2012年未完成的修订《继承法》过程中,对网络虚拟财产是否可以作为遗产予以继承,也存在激烈争论。其实,这种争论的焦点,仍然是对网络虚拟财产法律属性的认定。如果认定网络虚拟财产是物的属性,属于财产的范畴,那么自然人生前享有所有权的网络虚拟财产当然就是遗产,当然就能被继承人所继承。因此,网络虚拟财产中的网络虚拟不动产,其权利人如果是自然人,当然在其死亡发生时就成为遗产,就能够被其继承人所继承。同样,网络虚拟动产也具有物的属性,也能够建立所有权,那么其所有权人如果是自然人,在其死亡时,其享有所有权的网络虚拟动产也成为遗产,也能够被其继承人所继承。

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