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水泥行业去产能任务依然艰巨

2017-08-14 02:46:43   中国经济网

制订分解目标任务

据中国水泥协会统计数据,截至2017年上半年,全国有水泥企业3465家,其中含熟料的水泥生产企业1234家,只生产熟料的企业46家,水泥粉磨站企业2173家,水泥配置站企业12家。全国熟料实际总产能20.2亿吨,水泥产能38.30亿吨。

“2016年全国熟料产量13.76亿吨,熟料产能利用率68%;水泥产量24.03亿吨,水泥产能利用率62.74%。”中国水泥协会碳减排专业委员会秘书长李琛表示,上半年我国水泥熟料产能利用率为66%,与2016年同期相比略有上升,但仍未恢复2011年80.6%的水平,与2020年恢复到80%的合理区间目标值存在较大差距。据中国水泥协会测算,至2020年,全国需压减3.92亿吨左右的熟料产能,行业去产能之路任务依然艰巨。“同时,也要尽快建立水泥产品质量追溯体系,以市场化法治化双重手段加快淘汰落后水泥粉磨产能,水泥行业去产能工作需要实行去熟料产能和粉磨产能两手抓。”李琛说。

水泥行业去熟料产能已箭在弦上。据中国水泥协会《水泥行业去产能行动计划(2017-2020)》显示,2017年至2020年水泥行业去产能的目标任务是,压减熟料产能39270万吨,关闭水泥粉磨站企业540家。“分解到每年的目标任务,全国熟料产能平均利用率要达到80%,水泥产能平均利用率要达到70%。此外,水泥行业要力争实现前10家大企业集团的全国熟料产能集中度达到70%,水泥产能集中度达到60%的目标。力争10个省区内前2家大企业熟料产能集中度达到65%,超额完成34号文件要求的目标。”孔祥忠说。

行动计划还提出,要设立去产能专项资金,形成市场化去产能长效机制。“去产能专项资金将在2018年上半年正式启动运行,力争在10个省区组建水泥投资管理公司,运用去产能专项资金,形成市场化的去产能长效机制。”孔祥忠说。

行业自律带来效益

据国家统计局数据显示,上半年水泥行业利润达到334亿元,同比增长248%,超过2015年全年利润。水泥行业利润率达到7.26%,高于工业平均利润率水平。

从上市公司盈利预告的信息来看,绝大多数水泥企业实现了效益的大幅提升,部分实现了扭亏或大幅度减亏。“上半年,我国绝大部分省份出台了包括‘错峰生产’‘环保督查’在内的多项限产去库存措施,市场的供需关系得到了明显改善,库存水平大幅低于去年,价格和盈利快速回升。”孔祥忠说,“同时一些成本控制差的生产线开始放缓生产,再次改善了供求关系。这与大企业履行行业自律是分不开的”。

据数字水泥网监测数据显示,上半年水泥和熟料价格同比和环比大幅上涨。进入3月份后全国水泥价格持续上涨,到5月份达到今年最高的354元/吨(P.O42.5含税到位价),6月份比去年同期价格高出82元/吨。虽然6月份进入行业淡季,水泥库容比持续走高,但价格仅出现小幅度回调。6月份熟料平均市场价格为288元/吨,比去年同期上涨95元/吨,上涨幅度超过水泥价格。

“这说明行业对熟料价格的控制力在加强,充分体现了行业自律、区域市场协调治理的成果。”据孔祥忠分析,水泥价格上涨的主因是行业通过自律行为减少了恶性的价格竞争,包括错峰生产、环保督查等行业调控手段客观减少了供给,改善了供需关系。

孔祥忠认为,在需求整体平稳的大背景下,水泥行业通过错峰生产降库存、大企业带头自律、积极推进供给侧结构性改革,改变了供给关系。“预计2017年全年水泥需求与去年基本持平。下半年水泥价格将进一步回升,从而带动行业效益继续增长,全年行业利润有望实现800亿元以上。”(经济日报·中国经济网记者 祝君壁)

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