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《中国制造2025》加快发展重点产业是否带来新的过剩?

2017-08-11 06:37:56   中国经济网

国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部研究员许召元认为,《中国制造2025》会促进一部分企业转型升级,会拓展目前中国制造的市场空间,从这个意义上说,一定程度上有利于解决产能过剩问题。“因为容易产生严重产能过剩行业的一个普遍特征是产品同质化程度高,可以依靠价格竞争抢占市场。”许召元说,比如钢铁、水泥、玻璃,包括太能阳发电、风电等,这些产品总体来说差不多,只要价格够低就能有市场,企业就能运营,这些产品的质量和品牌不起太大的作用。

许召元认为,《中国制造2025》本质上支持的是高技术、高附加值产业,产品的创新性强,同质化程度低,并不是光靠资金和人力支持就能有市场竞争力。因此,可以预计,即使各地存在一定程度的一哄而上的情况,但很难仅靠扶持就发展出有市场竞争力的企业,也不会出现严重的产能过剩现象。

形成差异化建设格局

《中国制造2025》在推进实施的过程中,避免出现新的产能过剩,形成各地区差异化建设格局显得尤为重要。

李北光介绍说,为了避免出现新的产能过剩,在充分征求地方意见的基础上,工信部研究制定了《中国制造2025分省市指南》。“我们鼓励各地根据《中国制造2025》和《中国制造2025分省市指南》,搭建中小企业融通发展、集群发展的平台,避免地方政府在产业化方面过多的扶持,充分让市场发挥作用。”李北光说,分省市指南会根据全国各省市产业发展情况进行动态的调整,对于一些重复建设的问题也会起到比较好的引导作用。

事实上,在以往的发展过程中,重复建设曾给各地带来资源浪费、建设土地浪费、人力资源浪费等问题,给地方和企业的长远发展带来了巨大损失。“在《中国制造2025》实施过程中,各地要避免出现同质化,形成各地区的差异化发展。”乔标认为,各地要加强研究,找准产业定位和发展方向,在“特色”和“优势”上做足文章,着力打造出几个在全国乃至全球具有举足轻重地位的优势行业来,推动《中国制造2025》更好地科学落地。

比如,工程机械、轨道交通等是湖南的特色优势产业,在全国具有举足轻重的地位,但目前液压件等关键零部件仍主要依赖进口,导致企业利润大量流向外资零部件供应商。下一步,就要进一步聚焦资源和政策手段,着力克服产业升级发展的瓶颈制约,推动这些优势行业真正实现由大到强的战略性转变。

“《中国制造2025》十大重点领域的发展,在各级政府的引导、扶持下,会促进国家层面的战略领域从中低端向中高端发展,大力提升国家在十大产业的核心竞争能力,从根本上扭转原来追求规模扩张的发展模式。”李北光表示,中国愿与全球领先企业开展全方位合作,愿意积极参与全球产业技术和产品水平的提升,共同建设良好的产业生态体系,实现共赢。(经济日报记者 吉蕾蕾)

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