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发改委:企业降杠杆取得初步成效
2017-08-08 15:52:45 中国经济网
降低企业杠杆率成效初显,债务风险得到有效控制。去年以来降低企业杠杆率7大途径全面发力,成效已初步显现。一是我国总杠杆率上升速度明显放缓,正趋于稳定。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,截至2016年末,我国总体杠杆率为257%,同比增幅较上季度末下降4.4个百分点,连续3个季度保持下降趋势;环比增幅较上季度末下降1.6个百分点,连续5个季度保持下降趋势。二是我国企业杠杆率已开始下降。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,我国2016年末非金融企业杠杆率为166.3%,连续两个季度环比下降或持平,这是我国非金融企业杠杆率连续19个季度上升后首次改变上升趋势。三是我国信贷/GDP缺口保持下降。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,截至2016年末,我国信贷/GDP缺口24.6%,较2016年一季度末降低4.2个百分点,已连续3个季度下降,下降趋势明显,显示我国潜在债务压力正趋于减轻。四是我国微观杠杆率也呈下降趋势。截至今年6月末,我国规模以上工业企业资产负债率55.9%,同比下降0.8个百分点,企业资产负债率过高的问题在逐步缓解。
突出重点,全力以赴推动降低企业杠杆率工作取得更大成效。在充分肯定成绩的同时,也要清醒地认识到我国企业杠杆率过高的局面还未得到根本扭转,我国非金融企业杠杆率仍是世界主要经济体中最高的,不少企业还处在财务负担重、债务风险高的困难境地。因而,必须坚定去杠杆方向,切实攻坚克难,推动降低企业杠杆率工作取得更大成效。一是重点作好国有企业降低企业杠杆率工作。必须标本兼治,长短结合,一方面积极开展包括市场化债转股在内的各类债务重组,另一方面要加快完善国有企业现代治理结构,推动国有企业混合所有制改革,建立国有企业负债杠杆自我和外部约束机制,以体制机制控制国有企业杠杆率上升。二是积极探索僵尸企业债务有效处置方式。完善激励约束机制,作好兜底保障,切实破除“僵尸企业”僵而不死的各类障碍,推动通过市场化法治化方式实现“僵尸企业”“安乐死”,以提高资源使用效率。三是推动市场化债转股进一步发挥综合性作用。要继续完善和落实各领域支持政策,引导相关实施机构通过市场化法治化方式筛选有发展前景的高负债企业实施债转股,使债转股成为降低企业杠杆率的一件利器,并以债转股为契机推动企业尤其是国有企业改革改组改制,促进企业实现股权多元化和治理结构的进一步完善。
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