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大学四六级考试已成“鸡肋”:或停摆或改变

2017-08-07 07:34:58   中国经济网

因此大学英语本身就面临转型——她必须顺势而为,从原来仅仅提高大学生英语水平的通用英语,实现向提高大学生用英语从事专业学习能力的学术英语转型。但是,当大学生乃至各校都把通过大学英语四级考试作为高校大学英语教学的终极目标时,这种转型不仅无法实现,而且使得大学英语课程在高校的地位越来越边缘化(最近几年全国各高校的大学英语学分普遍被压缩证明这一点)。

须知,大学英语四、六级考试,实际上是通用英语,她和学术英语考试(如托福、雅思)区别不仅是语言测试难度方面,更主要的区别在于考试的功能和目的:前者是测试学生的语言掌握能力,满足教学评估需要;后者则是考察语言的应用能力,满足学生专业学习和日后工作需求。因此,大学英语四、六级考试在30年后的今天,正面临着艰难的抉择:要么停摆,要么改变其全国性教学考试性质。对这门考试来说,“鸡肋”状态已经不能再继续下去了。

四六级考试只有转变为专门用途英语社会化考试才能获得新生

今年是我国恢复高考的第40个年头。如果从满足国家和社会需要的这一角度看,40年的高校英语教育并不算得上成功。比如,我国整整一代的科技人员和工程人员无法用英语熟练地汲取其学科领域的信息,无法用英语在工作中进行有效的交流。这个失败不是他们个人的失败,也不是大学英语教师的失败,而是我国高校公共外语教学定位的偏差。

分析阻碍教学定位迟迟得不到纠正和转型的原因,四、六级考试的实施,不能不说是一个方面的因素。

我国全国性的英语考试已有十几个,而且目前还在不断开发新的。但仔细分析,这些考试仍然都是通用英语性质的,都是检测考生在完成某一英语教学段(如中学、本科、研究生)后是否达到了设定的英语等级,还没有一项考试用来检测考生在完成一个阶段的英语教学后,是否胜任某一学习或工作的英语水平。前者是教学评估性的,而后者就是一种基于专门用途英语的测试,它的理论依据就是根据不同专业/行业对英语学习和工作的需求来设计考试内容和题型,为某一特定任务服务的。

当前,在国家实施“双一流”建设和“一带一路”建设的背景下,我国的大学英语四、六级考试也必须与时俱进。既然作为一种全国性教学水平考试,她已失去了存在的合理性,那么如果还想保留这个品牌,我们完全可以通过考试性质的变化,让大学英语四、六级考试向学术性(如托福)和职场性(如托业)的社会化考试方向进行转型,为培养具有专业领域内国际交流能力的人才服务。大学英语四、六级考试只有转变为专门用途英语社会化考试,才能获得新生,并促进大学英语教学的定位转移和健康发展。这也是我国英语教学界和语言测试专家后30年所面临的紧迫任务。

(作者为复旦大学外文学院教授、全国学术英语教学研究会会长)

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