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“绿色功勋”塞罕坝

2017-08-06 10:06:28   中国经济网

林场设立之初,国家林业部门从18个省份的24所大中专院校调配127名毕业生,和当地242名干部工人一起,组建起塞罕坝林场。据了解,这支造林大军的平均年龄当时只有24岁。

地处偏远,物资匮乏,气候严寒。第一代塞罕坝林场建设者回忆,他们当时吃的是全麸黑莜面加野菜,住的是仓库、车库、马棚、窝棚,冬天还要忍受着零下40多摄氏度的严寒。

林场建设也不是一帆风顺。由于缺乏在高寒、高海拔地区造林的经验,塞罕坝最初造林成活率不到8%。林场科研人员改进育苗法,在高寒地区首次取得全光育苗成功;改进造林机械和植苗锹,摸索植苗技术……攻坚克难,创新实践,塞罕坝林场一天天“炼”成。

一棵树,一片林,一群人。扎根的不止是树木,还有“绿水青山就是金山银山”的执着理念;涵养的不止是水源,还有一代接着一代干的“钉钉子”精神。致敬塞罕坝!致敬塞罕坝人!致敬塞罕坝精神!

“功勋”树

“塞北一棵松,独立天地中。年轮二百岁,长啸八面风。”

在大兴安岭的余脉,在浑善达克沙地的边缘,在北京以北400公里的坝上高原,挺立着一株树龄近200年的落叶松。

这是我国北方第一个机械林场——塞罕坝林场的第一棵树。55年前,它给了第一代林场建设者“这里可以栽树”的启迪;55年来,它见证了塞罕坝从“千里黄沙蔽日”到“百万亩林海涌绿”的变迁;今天,它已成为一代代林场建设者执着精神的化身,被誉为“功勋”树。

1961年冬天,第一代林场建设者在千里雪原中发现了这棵孤独的落叶松,他们激动地说,“这棵松树是活的标本,证明塞罕坝上可以长出参天大树,今天有一棵松,明天就会有亿万棵松”。

1962年春,塞罕坝林场组建,奇迹开始上演。

“功勋”林

今天的塞罕坝,森林面积112万亩,草原面积20万亩,森林覆盖率达80%。

塞罕坝人具体种了多少树?林场工人这样形容,如果把人工林按一米的株距排开,可绕地球赤道12圈;如果把树木分给全国人民,平均每三人可以分到一棵树。

这些树意味着什么?据中国林科院评估,塞罕坝的森林生态系统每年可涵养水源、净化水质1.37亿立方米,固碳74.7万吨,释放氧气54.5万吨;空气负氧离子是城市的8倍至10倍。守卫京津的重要生态屏障,名副其实。

统计数据显示,近10年,塞罕坝与建场之初的10年相比,年均无霜期增加14.6天,年均降水量增加66.3毫米,年大风天数平均减少30天,每年提供的生态服务价值超过120亿元。

塞罕坝林场设立的初衷——“改变当地自然面貌,保持水土,为减少京津地带风沙危害创造条件”,已经完全实现。

图/经济日报记者 高兴贵 通讯员 王海琦 王 龙 文/经济日报记者 刘 亮

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