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糖:让日常生活更甜蜜

2017-08-05 08:35:04   中国经济网

到了近代,随着制糖工艺的进步和百姓生活水平的改善,糖这个宫廷上品逐渐变得稀松平常,产量大幅上升,价格不断下降。在浙江义乌,甚至一度流行村民走乡串户、沿街叫卖“鸡毛换糖”。如今,糖,终于走下了高高在上的神坛,成为超市里只需几元一斤的白砂糖、红糖、赤砂糖等,被消费者采购回家,丰富着家家户户的饭食茶点。

糖,甜蜜的负担

老家在黑龙江的高晖记忆中最甜最味美的零食是一杯白糖水。“四十年前的一杯白糖水,可以让一个五岁的小孩解馋。如果是在冬天,把白糖水放到室外冻一夜,那就是白糖冰棍呀。”高晖感慨,童年的味道,甜至心脾,让人怀念。

高晖回忆,从前的糖,包装简陋,卖相随意,大都是透明塑料袋一装,称了就拎走。可选的种类也不多,最常见的就是白糖和红糖。不像现在,超市里蜜糖、饴糖、蔗糖、果糖等琳琅满目,最受欢迎的是古方红糖,切成精致的小块装成一盒,价格四五十元。但更多时候,高晖还是习惯选择最简单的白砂糖,“因为它承载了对过去生活的感情和记忆”。

虽然生活中总有糖如影随形,多数人对于糖的了解,却还仅仅局限于“红糖滋补”“白糖做菜”“冰糖下火”,关于各种糖的营养成分和正确饮食,却知之甚少。

今年65岁的李春兰对于红糖有种特殊情感。“年轻时生完小孩坐月子,物资匮乏,红糖煮鸡蛋就是最好的补品,鸡蛋买不着,就一杯红糖水,生孩子全靠它补身体。”红糖性温、味甘、价廉,有益气补血、缓中止痛、活血化瘀的作用,滋补了李春兰这一代的女性,定期喝红糖水,成了她多年养成的习惯。但是,现在年纪大了,子女不再让她多吃糖,平时买瓶饮料,也会特意交代选择“无糖”或者“低糖”产品。“怕糖吃多了影响糖脂代谢,容易得糖尿病、脂肪肝、高血压等疾病。”

这份担忧并非空穴来风。有研究显示,如果每人每天多食用150卡路里的糖,人类总体的糖尿病患病率就会上升1%。过度食糖的人患心脏疾病的几率成两倍增加。世界卫生组织(WHO)曾调查了23个国家人口的死亡原因,得出结论:嗜糖之害,甚于吸烟,长期食用含糖量高的食物会使人的寿命明显缩短。“戒糖”也由此成为部分追求健康人士提倡的信条。

对于无糖不欢的人来说,如何正确食糖?“糖是人体最经济、最安全、最重要的能源物质。人体所需要60%左右的能量,都是由糖来提供的。”北京协和医院营养师于康表示,食物中糖的来源不仅是能产生甜味的蔗糖、果糖、乳糖,像米饭、饼干等碳水化合物本身就是“糖”,进入人体后可以转化为葡萄糖,同样会对身体产生影响。“糖分摄入过多,会产生负面效果,要科学、合理地吃糖,食品包装上的糖分含量,就可以帮助消费者谨慎选择。部分特殊人群,如糖尿病人、高脂血症和肥胖症患者,应限制食糖或减少食糖量。”

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