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[砥砺奋进的五年]塞罕坝:高寒荒漠的绿色传奇

2017-08-04 06:34:02   中国经济网

据中国林科院评估,塞罕坝百万亩人工森林生态系统,每年可为滦河、辽河下游地区涵养、净化水源1.37亿立方米;每年可吸收二氧化碳74.7万吨,释放氧气54.5万吨,可供199.2万人呼吸;林区空气负离子平均含量比北京城区高出5倍。与建场初期相比,塞罕坝及周边区域小气候得到有效改善:年无霜期由52天增加至64天,年均大风日数由83天减少到53天,年均降水量由不足410毫米增加到460毫米,林区空气湿度比林区外无林地高出50%。

昔日黄沙漫漫、了无生气的塞罕坝,如今成为动植物基因库。这里有陆生野生脊椎动物261种,鱼类32种,昆虫660种,大型真菌179种,植物625种。其中,国家重点保护动物有47种,国家重点保护植物有9种。

“森林是我们从祖宗继承来的,要留传给子孙后代,上对得起祖宗,下对得起子孙。”习近平总书记的谆谆教导,让新一代塞罕坝人不敢有丝毫懈怠。

“这些树是我父亲他们辛辛苦苦种下的,可别在我手里给毁了。我要照看好它们!”站在高高的望火楼顶上,47岁的防火瞭望员刘军憨笑着说。

这种望火楼在塞罕坝有9座。最近几年,塞罕坝机械林场升级了防火系统,形成由探火雷达、空中预警、高山瞭望、地面巡护有机结合的监测网络,实现林区监控全覆盖。虽然防火监控系统高度自动化,但人眼仍不可替代。刘军和妻子齐淑艳常年驻守,轮流值班,每隔15分钟要瞭望一次,每昼夜要瞭望96次。

塞罕坝机械林场又与近邻的多伦县、克什克腾旗、御道口牧场以及围场县五乡一镇,成立38个联防组织。今年5月8日中午11时31分,克什克腾旗发生火情,韭菜沟望火楼瞭望员、探火雷达同时报警。几分钟内,靠前驻防的林场扑火队就赶到指定位置,协助地方迅速将火扑灭。

塞罕坝人深知,行政有界,防火无界,区外火情一旦失控,自身也将不能幸免。

“干我们这行的,不论白天黑夜,防火这根弦始终紧绷着。一听到电话铃响,心里就一咯噔。”塞罕坝机械林场防火办公室主任吴松说。

50多年来,塞罕坝机械林场未发生过一起火灾。防火虽苦,但是值!

今天,全球近三分之一的土地正面临荒漠化的威胁。在苦寒偏僻的中国塞外高原上,塞罕坝人持续书写着荒原变林海、沙地变绿洲、青山变金山的传奇,不失为生态文明建设的成功范例。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 黄俊毅)

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