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每天看手机3小时 中国人沉迷手机全球第二?

2017-06-26 13:46:42   新华网

眼睛受伤,脊柱受罪。长时间盯着手机屏幕,容易导致视力模糊和干眼症,儿童每天持续使用手机超过2小时,3个月后视力就可能从1.0下降到0.5。长时间低头会压迫脊椎,引起脊椎侧弯或颈脖、头部、肩膀疼痛,还容易出现弓腰驼背等不良姿势。英国调查发现,18~24岁的年轻人中,有84%因为玩手机而遭受颈脖和背部疼痛。

睡眠变差,效率降低。睡前看手机会阻碍褪黑素的生成,扰乱作息,导致睡眠质量变差,第二天不能以饱满的热情面对工作。美国密歇根大学研究表明,工作中仅仅发一条短信,都会使失误的次数增加。对于学生来说更是如此,手机会让人持续处在多任务状态中,长此以往会出现注意力障碍等问题,影响孩子的创造力和学习能力。

血压上升,心率加快。英国专家指出,手机依赖也是一种网瘾,会影响心脑血管健康。英国斯旺西大学研究人员对144名年龄为18~33岁的人进行了研究,发现沉迷网络会令血压上升4%,心率上升10%,导致焦虑、免疫力低下。

与社会脱节,增加孤独感。“世界上最遥远的距离是我在你身边,你却在玩手机。”这句调侃之言正是“低头族”的真实写照。朱廷劭指出,经常玩手机的人缺乏面对面的沟通接触,容易与社会脱节,孤独感倍增,不停摆弄手机还会让他人觉得缺乏诚意。特别是婴幼儿,其语言是通过模仿、家长纠正等不断强化形成的,经常玩手机容易使其语言发育迟缓,出现沟通障碍。

分散注意力,车祸率大增。出行路上用手机最危险。研究发现,目不转睛地盯着屏幕,胳膊和手像被锁住一样,走路的速度也下降了,看起来就像机器人。这时人不仅会忽略观察周围的交通状况,还不易保持身体平衡,令交通事故危险增加43%,而开车接打电话会导致驾驶员注意力降低37%。

四招摆脱手机依赖

全球人都在想办法应对手机带来的危害。为了让顾客找回用餐的初衷,专注享受美食,不少意大利餐厅规定顾客进餐馆时,必须把手机放在门外的更衣柜内;韩国针对青少年专设“戒网瘾学校”,限制上网时间,组织跑步、骑马等团体活动,受过训练的孩子普遍减轻了对手机、iPad、电脑的依赖;很多法国人则将智能手机换成只能发短信、打电话的老式手机,关掉无休止的消息提醒。

朱廷劭建议,如果你有起床后第一件事是看手机,吃饭、上厕所要拿着手机看,甚至洗澡时也要把手机装入防水袋带进浴室等手机依赖“症状”,就需要“戒手机”了,可以从以下几方面着手:

1.外出不带充电宝。频繁使用手机会让电量大跌,如果不随身携带充电宝,就少了一条后路,自然能主动减少使用手机。

2.关闭提醒功能。铃声、振动音会不停催促你关注手机实时信息,但有些内容并不重要。休息时不妨关闭消息提醒功能,只在必要时查看,就能转移注意力,减少手机使用时间。

3.制订使用计划。给自己或孩子制订一个计划,规定手机要在什么时间使用,每天使用不能超过多长时间,不必要时把手机放在“禁区”内,通过一段时间的控制,会收到不错的效果。如今,无论是朋友聚会,还是家庭用餐,都少了游戏互动、聊天畅想,人际交流变成了“人机交流”。因此,欢聚时光最该给手机放个假。另外,持续盯着感兴趣的网络内容看,会刺激大脑兴奋,即使放下手机,也不能马上入睡,长此以往会打乱睡眠规律,建议睡前两小时就应将手机关机。

4.培养兴趣爱好。培养一两种爱好,闲暇时多参加集体活动和户外运动,拓展视野和兴趣,你会发现外边的世界远比方寸之间的手机网络有趣得多。

责任编辑:曲格林 CN064
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