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"低头族"遇地铁急刹车摔伤 地铁公司有多大责任?

2017-05-17 11:20:58   检察日报

二审:乘客有过失,地铁赔偿40%

一审判决后,地铁公司不服,向北京市第二中级法院提出上诉,请求依法改判其公司对原判确认的除精神损害抚慰金和鉴定费之外的损失承担50%以下的赔偿责任。

沈女士辩称:从监控录像中可以看出,当时地铁车厢内有很多人都没扶扶手,我本身没有过错,地铁公司应当承担全部或较大赔偿责任,故不同意地铁公司的上诉请求,对原判的结果予以认可。

北京二中院经审理后认为:本案的争议焦点有二,一是地铁公司对于沈女士的人身损害应否承担赔偿责任;二是如果地铁公司构成赔偿责任主体,其承担的赔偿责任比例如何确认。

关于第一个争议焦点。依据查明的事实,法院认为,沈女士系在乘坐高速运行的北京地铁2号线列车时因列车紧急制动摔倒受伤。欲判断地铁公司应否对此承担赔偿责任,关键在于确定本案侵权行为的性质,即属于一般侵权行为还是特殊侵权行为,这决定了本案应当适用的侵权归责原则。而判定前述争议的前提是:北京2号线地铁是否属于“高速轨道运输工具”。法院指出,根据地铁运行的物理速度、对周围环境具有高度危险等特点,地铁列车应属于我国侵权责任法第73条规定的高速轨道运输工具,对于乘客因列车紧急制动摔伤的后果应适用无过错责任归责原则,应由地铁公司承担赔偿责任。

关于第二个争议焦点,如何确认地铁公司应承担的赔偿责任比例问题,法院作出了详细分析。

第一,地铁公司对事故的发生是否存在过错?法院认为,地铁在运营过程中存在巨大的不可控的潜在危险,故地铁运营方应对乘客尽到法定的安全保障义务,以尽可能地减少损害的发生。本案中,地铁2号线列车在运行中采用自动循环播放公益广播的方式提醒乘客“扶稳站好”,地铁公司已经尽到了安全告知义务,且地铁是因运行中通过信号无法对周边环境作出判断而采取紧急制动措施,没有其他证据证明地铁2号线的紧急制动行为构成安全运营事故,亦无证据证明相关紧急制动行为系人为误导操作所致,故法院认定地铁公司对事故的发生并无过错。

第二,沈女士对于案涉事故的发生是否存在过错?法院认为,依据查明的事实,沈女士进入地铁列车后一直双手在看手机,没有扶扶手。众所周知,乘坐地铁时站稳扶好以保证安全系基本的安全常识;而北京地铁2号线列车在运行中为提升驾驶安全,采用自动循环播放公益广播的方式进行广播,包括“乘车时请扶稳站好,不要倚靠或手扶车门”之类的话语,此亦为经常乘坐地铁的乘客所熟知。沈女士作为一名具有完全民事行为能力的成年人,上下班途中的主要通行工具即为地铁,其在乘坐地铁时对于不扶扶手可能导致的摔伤后果应当预见而未予以重视,故其对于摔伤一节存在明显过错。至于此种过错的程度如何,依据前述,站稳扶好系乘坐地铁基本的安全常识,沈女士对自己的安全连普通人的注意义务亦未尽到,应属重大过失。

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