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9种一般不会见到的生物 乌龟和蜘蛛的"合体"

2017-04-28 14:37:06   今日头条

毯子章鱼

毯子章鱼的奇特名字来源于腕足之间如同毯子一般的肌肉膜。当遇到危险的时候,它们会伸出腕足,张开巨大的“毯子”,试图吓跑入侵的掠食者。我们看到的是雌性毯子章鱼,身长可能超过2米。但是雄性的毯子章鱼一般只有几个厘米长。雄性毯子章鱼一辈子都在寻找雌性。当雄性遇到雌性时,它们会把其中一条触手注满精子,并将之撕离身体。雌性会利用这只触手来让卵受精。(一般在此过程中雌性基本不会注意到交配行为)之后雌性就会离开雄性,雄性会浮在水中等待死亡。

盲鳗

盲鳗约30种海产鱼形原始脊椎动物的统称。盲鳗,属于圆口纲、盲鳗目的一种低等脊索生物。盲鳗一般生活在海面100米以下,身体白色,身形细长如蛇,嘴如椭圆形吸盘,里面镶着锐利的黄色角质齿。盲鳗的鳃囊有6对之多,雌雄同体,但在生理功能上两性仍是分开的,在盲鳗幼体中,生殖腺的前部是卵巢,后部为精巢,如前端发达后端退化,则为雌性;反之,则为雄性。盲鳗一般以微小的甲壳动物或浮游生物为主要食物。但是,盲鳗也以鱼为食,常由鱼的鳃部钻入鱼体内,在肚子里咬食内脏与肌肉,只剩下鱼皮和骨头,最终咬穿腹肌,破洞而出。

盲鳗身体象河鳗,但头部无上下颌,口如吸盘,生着锐利的角质齿。鳃呈囊状,内鳃孔与咽直接相连,外鳃孔在离口很远的后面向外开口,使身体前部深入寄主组织而不影响呼吸。盲鳗凭借吸盘吸附在大鱼身上,然后寻机从鳃钻入鱼腹。由于长期在鱼体内过着寄生生活,眼睛已退化藏与皮下。它的嗅觉和口端4对触须的触觉非常灵敏,能迅速感知大鱼的到来。

皮肤没有鳞片,覆盖在肌肉上就像“一只松弛的袜子”。不同物种的盲鳗具有从粉红色到蓝灰色等不同体色。皮肤上还具有发达的毛细管网,使它们可以在泥土中也能够通过皮肤进行“呼吸”。

口呈裂缝状,它们的口部和单鼻孔周围长有短须,十分灵敏。口有很强的吸附力,具有角质牙,能刮食猎物的内脏和肌肉。牙齿像一排一排的梳子,能将肉从猎物身上刮下来。无口漏斗,口在最前端围以软唇,有4对口须。鳃囊6对,多数种类外鳃裂不直接通体外,而通入一长管,以一共同的开口通体外。不同种类的鳃数目不同,一般为5到15对。吸入的海水通过鼻咽管,再流入咽部和鳃囊。盲鳗是脊椎动物中最原始的一群,具有头颅骨却没有脊椎。它们的骨架完全由软骨组成,与七鳃鳗一样没有上下颌。

最大的盲鳗是Eptatretus goliath,可以长到1.2米以上,而最小的盲鳗只有几厘米长。

橙色乌龟蜘蛛

生活在南美厄瓜多尔亚马逊河上游的盆地、秘鲁、巴西等地,属于园蛛科的一种。鲜艳的颜色是一种警戒色或是拟态,不过目前没有任何证据表明这些可爱的小家伙有毒性。

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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