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9种一般不会见到的生物 乌龟和蜘蛛的"合体"

2017-04-28 14:37:06   今日头条

鲸头鹳

鲸头鹳是一种像鹳的鸟类,体型高大,平均有1.2米高,体重4000-7000克,翼展达到2.6米。大小似白鹳,头尤其巨大,也是现存头最大的鸟。长有一张非常有趣、可爱的面部。它那巨大、斑驳的喙部使其显得更具魅力。巨大鸟喙看起来就像一个鲸鱼的头部,眼睛位于头部的前端,和猫头鹰的眼睛长在同一平面上。喙宽大而粗壮,是世界上最宽鸟喙,宽12厘米,嘴端下弯成勾状,鸟喙的作用非同小可,不仅尖端尖锐异常,而且周边也像快刀般的锋利,能够穿透鳄鱼厚厚的皮肤,并且上下两片如此夹紧猎物,就像一个工件被夹在钳工的老虎钳上。

全体羽毛为石板灰色,背部有绿色光泽,尾较短,头后有短羽冠。外形最突出的特征,是具有很大的头和木靴子样特别厚而大的嘴。不过它的嘴看着很重,其实很轻。雌雄羽毛同色,仅在形体大小上有差别,雌鸟略小。幼鸟多褐色,背部无绿色光泽。鸟喙颜色为黄绿色,虹膜白色至淡黄色,脚黑色。

大西洋海神海蛞蝓

大西洋海神海蛞蝓俗称蓝燕子或者蓝龙,是一种蓝色、小型的远洋翼蓑海牛腹足纲海神鳃科软体动物 。大西洋海神海蛞蝓,海神鳃属的单属种。与 Glaucilla marginata 有近缘关系,同属海神腮科。大西洋海神海蛞蝓身体大小可达三厘米,主要为漂浮性物种,常随着潮流和僧帽水母、银币水母一起出现,这种海蛞蝓主要分布于大西洋、太平洋和印度洋的热带及泛热带海域。

“大西洋海神”首次见于1777年欧洲学者发表的文章。之所以将这种海蛞蝓称做“海神”,是因为它的外型如同希腊神话中的海神格劳科斯(Glaucus)一般。希腊神话中,海神Glaucus因为吃了神奇的草而得到永生,但双手却长了鱼鳍、双腿成了尾巴。

大西洋海神海蛞仅仅只有3厘米长,它们的贝壳已经退化为内壳。背面有透明的薄薄的壳皮,壳皮一般呈白色,有珍珠光泽。它们的胃部有气囊。照片中蓝黑白相间的这一侧,事实上是它的腹部,其背部通常朝下,为银灰色。气囊的位置,造成了这种上下颠倒的浮游方式。而这种上侧(腹部)蓝白相间(深色)、下侧(背部)银灰色(浅色)的保护色,有助于它们躲避来自上方和下方的捕食者。此外,上侧的蓝色被认为有反射有害的紫外线的功效。

大西洋海神海蛞是雌雄同体的生物,海底栖息,体裸露,雌雄两个生殖孔间有卵精沟相连。

大西洋海神海蛞蝓上表面生有露腮(像手一样的那个),数量可多达84个。其僧帽水母等食物中含有刺细胞,它们会将这种刺细胞储存在露腮中。

因此,手抓大西洋海神海蛞蝓会感到刺痛(所以见着了不要用手拿),跟被僧帽水母蛰了时感觉一样。

玻璃蛙

玻璃蛙(Glass Frogs),原产于委内瑞拉,属于两栖类中的绿骨蛙科。虽然玻璃蛙背部呈灰绿色,但个别成员的腹部皮肤却是半透明的。通过半透明的皮肤,能清晰的看到它的心脏,肝脏以及消化道。

外型:体长2-3公分,小而纤细,眼睛大而突出,瞳孔水平。腹面的皮肤透明,可看到内部器官,所以称之为玻璃蛙。具有修长的四肢、发达的吸盘,使他成为攀爬高手。

玻璃蛙大约有60种,它们生活在热带雨林中、溪流沿岸和云雾笼罩的山上。

它们在浅塘边悬垂下来的树叶上产卵。当卵孵化后,蝌蚪会落入水中。有一种玻璃蛙的蝌蚪是亮红色的,它们将自己埋在被水淹没的泥土里和腐烂的叶子里。

玻璃蛙守卵 : 在悬于雨林一条小溪上方的树叶上,两只玻璃蛙(英文学名Hyalinobatrachium valerioi)正安静地守护在所产卵的身旁。它们要确保这些卵不会变干,同时保护它们免受寄生虫和小型捕食性昆虫侵犯。

一天夜里,在一束手电光的照耀下,长有一双银白色大眼睛的生物呈现在光线中。透过它的皮肤我们能够隐约看到它的骨架。宽大的血管蜿蜒向下贯通它富有肌肉的大腿。这就是玻璃蛙,一种可爱的小精灵。

玻璃蛙生活在中美洲和南美洲,玻璃蛙有100多种,很多玻璃蛙的皮肤是透明的,甚至连肚子也是透明,可以直接看到器官、骨骼和血管。有些玻璃蛙的骨头是绿色的,而有些连其它器官也是透明的。目前还不清楚玻璃蛙身体透明的原因。玻璃蛙亮绿色的背部有助于它们在绿色栖息地的隐蔽。

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