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107篇论文被撤 作者是造假中介的同谋还是躺枪?

2017-04-26 23:36:06   

原标题:百余篇国际论文被撤事件调查

新华社北京4月26日电 题:百余篇国际论文被撤事件调查

新华社“新华视点”记者杰文津、董瑞丰

近日,曾隶属著名国际出版商施普林格公司旗下的《肿瘤生物学》发声,撤销杂志收录的中国学者的107篇论文。为此,“新华视点”记者就公众关心的焦点问题进行了调查。

焦点一:为何107篇撤稿都集中在医学界?

事情发生后,很多人表示不解:为何这107篇撤稿都集中在医学界?

知名医疗专业人士互联网交流平台丁香园相关负责人告诉记者,涉事论文全部刊载于美国的《肿瘤生物学》,该刊属于医学领域专刊,只登载医学论文。

中科协表示,在我国每年发表的自然科学论文当中,医学论文占比超过一半,体量巨大,出现不规范的概率相比其他领域更大。

施普林格细胞生物学及生物化学编辑总监彼得·巴特勒告诉记者,本次大规模撤稿是施普林格出版集团对2015年、2016年撤稿事件进一步人工清查的结果,并非新查出的造假事件。目前《肿瘤生物学》的出版方已换成SAGE公司。国内某医学SCI期刊资深编辑认为,“学术刊物出版商非常看重旗下刊物的声誉,在更换出版方期间清算此前遗留问题并不少见”。

焦点二:同行评议造假是程序造假还是学术造假?

据悉,此次被撤稿件大部分都是通过“真评审专家假邮箱”的方式,瞒天过海逃过评审监控。有些人提出,这种同行评议造假与内容造假不同,属于程序瑕疵。

中科协负责人在接受记者采访时表示,“同行评议造假”就是不折不扣的“学术造假”。彼得·巴特勒表示,“同行评审流程是保障科研质量、诚信和可重复性的基石之一。这是稿件被接收之前进行的科学审核过程中必不可少的一部分。”

首都医科大学精神心理科医师王子行说,不少学术期刊涉及多个学科,为尽可能节省办刊成本,一个大的专业下可能只安排几名编辑。医学领域包罗万象,审稿人不一定对所有稿件涉及的领域都熟悉,因此,同行评议人的意见是编辑的重要参考,也成为论文学术质量的“保险阀”。

既然评审环节如此重要,那么刊物为何允许论文作者自荐“把关人”?这样是否很容易导致造假行为的发生?王子行说,评审人的选择,一部分是刊物通过自己的渠道选择的,还有一部分是通过自荐方式。这是因为刊物编辑对投稿人研究的领域和专家并不一定熟悉,挑选审稿人有困难,所以希望通过作者自荐的方式进行专家评审。彼得·巴特勒称,让作者自荐评委,是通过一种“以信任为基础的”方式缓解上述难题,“如果有人蓄意去规避系统,他们有可能会得手”。

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