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陈锡文:搞强拆 根本上是对农民没感情

2016-11-10 21:21:33   新京报

剥洋葱:有专家认为,随着户籍制度改革的推进,土地制度的改革也要推进,农村的房地产交易也将逐步推开。你怎么评价这个观点?

陈锡文:到现在为止的改革方案里,规定的是宅基地可以流转和退出,但是只限于本集体经济组织的范围之内。有很多人觉得不过瘾,我为什么不可以去买?当然中央还在研究,有很多法律上的规定,要去考虑到底该怎么办。

在我看来,宅基地制度是集体经济组织对他的成员提供的住房保障制度。如果谁都可以去买宅基地,那这个制度本身就瓦解了。

这里面有两个问题。第一,宅基地拥有权是个成员权,这个权利非成员可不可以受让,在法律上需要考虑。第二,宅基地制度是集体经济组织对其成员的住房保障制度。从这个意义上讲,农民的住房就是保障性住房。保障性住房可不可以入市,保障性住房如何变成商品房,这些问题不仅涉及到制定政策,而且更多涉及到法律问题。只有通过试点才能够比较清晰地回答这些问题。

剥洋葱:未来有没有可能实现宅基地入市?

陈锡文:从长期看,农村不是搞建设的地方。农村和城市至少在基本功能上是有明显区别的,城市是一个集聚财富和人才,带动整个地区经济发展的核心,所以城市要搞大量的建设。而农村则要提供基本农产品、提供生态环境,如果农村和城市建得一样,人家一定会说你这个国家一点儿规划都没有。

由于在功能上的不同,我认为不可能出现农村人口越来越少,而农村的房子不断增加的情况。那是违背规律的。

“拆迁冲突与地方政府的政绩观有关”

剥洋葱:目前全国三分之一的土地已经流转,在农村土地流转的过程中主要面临什么样的问题?

陈锡文:问题还是有的。习近平总书记在今年安徽小岗村的会议上说得很清楚,他说三权分置,首先要把土地经营权流转的选择权交给农民,不能代他做主。这也点出来,有些地方实际上可能存在代农民做主的行为。第二,不能简单地说农民进城打工之后,土地就必须流转。如果他在城里站不住脚怎么办?要让他有一个来回尝试的过程。所以正如总书记强调的,要尊重农民的意愿,不要过多的去干涉。另外,农民的土地流转给谁,以什么价钱流转,都要由他们自己来协商。

剥洋葱:最近,河北一起因征地拆迁而发的杀人事件受到关注。征地拆迁引发的流血冲突屡次发生,我们应该如何防止此类事件的发生?

陈锡文:一方面,各级地方的党委政府要有一个正确的政绩观。问题往往体现在该做的事儿没做好,或者没做到位。比如说,地方政府申请的征地手续上级是否批准,是否对农民公示,赔偿农民是否接受?这些问题如果都处理好了,就没有太大问题。现在大部分地方因为征地拆迁引发的恶性事件明显减少,但是个别地方仍存在。为什么这些事儿还没做到位就着急去做呢?就是急于出政绩。

另一方面,能否杜绝此类事件的发生,和办这些事情的公务人员的情感有关,要看他对农民有没有感情。可以想一下同样的事情发生在你身上,你能不能接受。人家要是深更半夜跑到你家,拆你的房子,把你的家具都扔出去,你肯定愤怒坏了。那么现在你用这些手段去对付农民,从根本上说是对农民没有感情的问题。这两方面如果把握好了,这些问题可以明显减少或者杜绝。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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