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人民日报:“抹避孕药培育无籽葡萄”纯属无稽之谈

2016-09-13 03:36:07   人民日报

无籽葡萄是怎么培育的?

回应:有的使用赤霉素等植物生长调节剂,有的利用突变个体来生产,营养上与正常水果无差别

石家庄市林业局果树站站长剧惠存介绍,水果的种子(即籽)是由植物的胚珠发育而来,而果实(即果肉)由子房发育而来。在水果的生长发育过程中,如果抑制胚珠的发育,同时不影响子房的发育,就能培育出无籽水果。

据介绍,目前无籽水果的常见培育方法主要有3种。一种是利用植物激素处理,抑制种子生长而促进果实发育;第二种是通过杂交,使原本能够产生种子的二倍体植物转变为三倍体植物,阻碍种子正常发育,同时给予一定刺激,使果实自身能够产生足够使其发育的植物激素,促进果实形成。无籽西瓜就是用这种方法得到的;第三种是通过寻找植物自身产生的种子不育、但又能够自身产生植物激素的突变个体,来生产无籽水果。

剧惠存介绍,无籽葡萄是第一类和第三类无籽水果的典型例子。比如我国栽培面积最大的巨峰葡萄,如果在葡萄盛花期及幼嫩果穗形成期,用一定浓度的赤霉素进行处理,抑制种子发育,促进果实膨大,可以获得无籽巨峰葡萄。“京可晶”“大粒红无核”等葡萄品种,由于其本身的变异,在授粉之后,受精胚囊会很快停止发育,但果实本身可以产生激素,从而使得果实膨大发育为无籽果实。“从营养上看,无籽水果与正常水果并无明显差别。”剧惠存说。

“种的葡萄不仅是销售,自己也会吃。”石家庄市深泽县铁杆镇杜社村果农刘利更已经种了将近20年的葡萄,他说,“比如夏黑这个品种,在花期使用赤霉素处理,就会成为无籽葡萄,好多村民都知道。”杜社村果农刘洪波说:“植物激素用起来挺方便的,而且也便宜,根本犯不着用避孕药。”

聂继云介绍,赤霉素是葡萄无籽化栽培中最常用的一类植物生长调节剂,已经合法登记用于葡萄生产。赤霉素是一种天然的植物激素,20世纪30年代由日本科学家在研究水稻植株赤霉菌感染时发现,后来研究人员利用发酵法或人工合成法进行规模生产,用于马铃薯、番茄等作物,促进生长、发芽,提高果实结实率。

赤霉素对人体有害吗?

回应:赤霉素毒性极低、易降解;据欧盟标准,成人每天吃约1.8吨残留赤霉素的葡萄才可能有影响

由于“避孕药”与“无籽(子)”容易引发联想,不少网民表示,“以后再也不敢食用无籽葡萄了”。无籽葡萄使用的“植物激素”会不会残留,对人体有影响吗?

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