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媒体七问北京暴雨:预警为何一上午连升两级

2016-07-21 04:42:02    新京报

市气象台台长乔林表示,强的降雨过程需要有持续的水汽输送。偏南风携带有更丰沛的水汽,丰沛的水汽会率先到达北京南部地区,所以,北京南部地区的降水持续时间会长一些。加上房山等地区的山地形势对上升运动有增强作用,因此会促进云的发展,降水也会大一些。

5 积水点改造后怎么还积水?

2013年开始,北京分三年对中心城区75座下沉式立交桥的雨水泵站进行升级改造。北京排水集团相关负责人介绍,改造后,总抽升能力由37.6万立方米/小时提高至71.8万立方米/小时,提升近1倍。此外,还新建60座雨水调蓄池,蓄水能力21万立方米,相当于红领巾湖容积。

不过,昨日仍有部分桥区在改造后发生积水,如莲花桥两侧引桥边曾出现20厘米深的积水。此前的改造中,莲花桥在东南角及西南角各修建2座调蓄池,容积超过1万立方米。

上述负责人介绍,莲花桥仅发生短暂积水,不久后积水已排空。包括莲花桥调蓄池在内,全市60座雨水调蓄池均已进水,有效削峰并减少路面积水。

记者昨日注意到,2012年“7·21”曾积水深达数米的广渠门桥昨日保持畅通。上述负责人解释,2012年之后,改造了广渠门桥附近的夕照寺老泵站,提高抽水能力,修建调蓄池并与护城河联动,防止河水倒灌,“泵站及调蓄池系统的排水标准提高至10年一遇”。

另据该负责人介绍,2012年后北京曾对“7·21”中出现的63处积水点进行统一改造规划,但部分路段昨日出现积水是由于排水设施没有改造完成,设施能力不足,达不到抽排此次降雨的标准,如岳各庄桥等。对于积水路段,会加强人员值守和积水抽排,尽快通路。截至昨日18时,包括大红门桥、科丰桥在内的9处积水断路处已通车。

6 什么情况下发布洪水预警?

至昨日19时许,北京市水文总站发布了4个洪水预警,包含一个蓝色、三个黄色,涉及通惠河乐家花园河道、清河羊坊闸河道、凉水河张家湾河道等。

去年汛期前,北京制定了洪水预警发布办法,但去年并未发生较强暴雨。昨日降雨已导致河道水位猛增,达到了预警标准,这也是北京首次发布洪水预警。

据市水文总站副主任宋磊介绍,根据北京市建立的洪水预警体系,分为蓝、黄、橙、红四级。蓝色预警判定标准是接近5年一遇的洪水水情,而黄色则是5-20年一遇的洪水水情。本次的预警发布,是依据多年的统计分析实测确定,参考标准就是河道断面,因为流域面积的不同,不同河道发布标准也不一样,目前并没有研判到全流域。洪水预警发布后,防汛体制内的各相关部门需要展开调度,启动应急响应。

7 河湖做了哪些泄洪准备?

记者从市防汛办了解到,为应对河流因强降雨而可能发生的洪水隐患,确保河道排水通畅,19日13时许,管理部门对城市河湖实施了南分洪,泄洪量42万立方米,以降低河道水位。昨日早上6时许,再次开闸实施南分洪,截至昨日下午,最大分洪量达到了142立方米每秒。昨日8时30分,西郊砂石坑分洪闸也开始向砂石坑蓄水,截至16时,蓄水达到122万立方米。

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