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21日“冬至”:北方开始进入“数九寒天”

2016-12-20 13:14:27   

新华社天津12月20日电(记者周润健)21日,“冬至”,北半球将迎来一年中白昼最短的一天。自冬至开始,我国开始进入“数九寒天”,即人们常说的“进九”。

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中国天文学会会员、天津市天文学会理事史志成介绍说,冬至是冬季的第四个节气,在每年阳历的12月21日至23日,太阳运行到黄经270度时。据史料记载,早在2500多年前的春秋时代,我国就已经用土圭观测太阳测定出“冬至”。

这一天,阳光几乎直射南回归线,北半球白昼最短,黑夜最长。古籍《素问·脉要精微论》说:“冬至四十五日,阳气微上,阴气微下。”意思是说,从这一天以后到立春的45天,阳气渐升,阴气渐降,白昼渐渐变长,夜晚渐渐变短。

自冬至开始,我国开始进入数九寒天。今年12月21日进入“一九”,2017年3月3日进入“九九”。“出九”之后,我国各地将迎来春暖花开。

我国民间有“吃了冬至饭,一天长一线”的说法,冬至后白昼时间日渐增长,但在短期内气温仍继续下降。气象资料显示,每年冬至后都有强大的冷空气和寒潮出现,造成骤然降温。中央气象台天气预报显示,从21日起,一股新的冷空气将影响我国部分地区。

天津中医药大学第一附属医院营养科主任李艳玲提醒说,值此时节,公众应尽量减少不必要的户外活动,以防感冒等呼吸道和心脑血管疾病的发生。如果外出,要注意头部和脚部的保暖。在饮食调理上,多吃些大葱、洋葱、山药、桂圆、栗子等性属温热的食物,便于御寒,并进行适当的御寒锻炼。多吃蔬菜和樱桃、木瓜、山楂、龙眼等温性水果,不酗酒、不吸烟、不过度劳累,情绪稳定,保持良好的心境,切忌急躁和精神抑郁。

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