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新华国际时评:默克尔强势渐失警示欧洲

2018-10-30 21:36:04    新华网

新华社柏林10月30日电 题:默克尔强势渐失警示欧洲

新华社记者任珂 张远

尽管迟早会来,却来得有些突然:德国总理默克尔29日正式宣布,将不再谋求连任基督教民主联盟(基民盟)主席,也不会再谋求连任总理。官宣一出,德国媒体纷纷撰文,总结这些年来默克尔的政绩作为。

默克尔担任基民盟主席已18年之久,该党12月即将选举新主席。从2005年起,默克尔就一直担任德国总理,如今是她第四个总理任期。曾几何时,默克尔在内政外交上鲜有挑战,支持率长期居高不下,在德国和欧洲政坛说一不二。

原因很简单,默克尔治下的德国,经济迎来了冷战后最长的增长周期,她还带领德国在西方国家中率先走出国际金融危机。在欧洲层面,默克尔主导成功应对欧债危机,在乌克兰危机、伊朗核问题等重大国际问题上也颇有建树,赢得广泛赞誉,声望很高。因而,在2009年和2013年德国联邦选举中,默克尔领导的联盟党均轻松获得领先优势,2013年甚至接近单独执政。

把默克尔从强势地位拉下来的导火索是2015年爆发的欧洲难民危机。由于坚持“开放”政策,很长时间里默克尔遭遇来自党内、国内和欧盟层面的多层压力。雪上加霜的是,冲击西方世界的民粹主义浪潮也波及德国,右翼民粹主义政党德国选择党乘势“异军突起”,改变了德国传统的政治格局。这导致去年德国大选默克尔的联盟党得票率不高,经历了艰难的组阁历程。组阁后的默克尔面临多方掣肘,失去了在德国政坛一言九鼎的地位。就连默克尔的盟友、德国联邦议院议长朔伊布勒也公开说,默克尔不再像原来那样无可争议了。

逼迫默克尔交出“权杖”的是前不久举行的德国地方选举,基民盟及其姊妹党基社盟接连受挫,得票率大幅下降。反过来,其对手德国选择党成功进入德国全部16个州的议会,连曾一蹶不振的绿党也东山再起,成功分流了联盟党和社会民主党的选票。谁来对此局面负责?作为党主席的默克尔不得不选择舍弃,给自己的政治前途画上预期的句号。

从说一不二到不得不舍弃,默克尔政治生涯的阴晴变化折射出近年来欧洲政治气候的风云变化。英国《卫报》指出,默克尔被弱化,其实是整个欧洲范围内一种广泛模式的一部分:民众对传统政党的信任在下降,对极端左翼和右翼政治势力的支持上升,政治版图遭遇碎片化。从去年的德国联邦选举,到今年6月的意大利选举,再到9月的瑞典选举,均呈现出类似的情形。

默克尔的教训给欧洲什么警示?

那就是德国和欧洲的传统主流政党,要多务实少务虚,认真倾听基层的呼声,切实回应民众的关切,关注普通百姓的福利民生,拿出切实可行的政策措施,这样才能重拾社会信任,早日走出低潮。

“默克尔时代”在走向尾声,但默克尔给世人留下的思索才刚刚开始。

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