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法国走上“非典型性”改革之路

2018-07-13 09:06:10    中国经济网

不再因循守旧 不受教条束缚

法国走上“非典型性”改革之路

法国走上“非典型性”改革之路

图为法国凡尔赛宫外景。经济日报 记者 李鸿涛摄

法国总统马克龙日前在凡尔赛宫召开了其上任以来的第二次国民议会两院联席会议,并在演讲中“誓言”把法国建设成为新型福利国家。马克龙上任以来在国内各领域推行了强势改革,在多个国际政治舞台中展现出“马式外交”。尽管法国政府在劳动力市场、公共财政及国民福利等领域的改革有所起色,但面对“法式特色”的抗议浪潮与不同利益群体的攻讦声索,马克龙的改革之路并不平坦。

力推各领域深入改革

在国内改革方面,法国政府在短短一年内陆续出台了涉及劳动法、公共财政、税收、教育及移民等多领域的改革方案,并积极酝酿下阶段在铁路、医疗、退休制度及公共服务部门等领域的改革。虽然触动利益群体的结构性改革措施一度招致了多方质疑与反对,更引发了多场跨行业的大规模罢工示威,但与以往不同的是,法国政府此次选择了以强硬姿态应对反对声音,并表态自己将“说到做到”,将以“旋风式”改革强势扭转多年来法国在劳动力市场、经济竞争力与公共财政方面面临的颓势,紧抓当前法国经济复苏企稳的难得“窗口期”,力推各领域改革走向深入。

具体而言,在劳动力市场领域,马克龙在2017年9月份以“政令”形式强推新劳动法改革法案,使其无需历经漫长的议会审批,尽快释放新法案的刺激效果。新法案涵盖了规范企业和行业协商、合并员工代表机构、设定员工补偿上线、降低企业解雇标准等多项措施。同时,法国政府还推出了社会保障制度方面的相关措施,部分回应民众对生活与就业保障的诉求。一方面,通过逐步废除独立经营者的社会保险机制,将其纳入普通社会保险,进一步减少该部分人群的纳税压力;另一方面,通过融合两种退休制度,使私企雇员享受与公务员系统同等的退休制度。另外,马克龙还力推失业保险改革,将失业保险范围扩大至所有劳动者与辞职员工,收紧对“消极就业”人群的福利待遇,建立“有保障性”且活跃的劳动力市场。

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