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正视美国的科技竞争焦虑感

2018-01-31 07:55:56    新华网

在上世纪80年代初,笔者有过困惑,为什么美国超市普通营业员的收入如此高?但后来明白了,这种不可贸易的工作分享了美国的科技优势。以美国为代表的西方国家,通过其可贸易产品上的技术竞争优势,把部分国内矛盾转嫁到发展中国家,确保了西方意识形态上的“盛世”神话。如果丧失了科技上的优势,只能依靠初级产品来维持出口竞争力,其内部矛盾可能会急剧上升。

由此,就能理解美国对科技优势的高度敏感性。事关国运,美国的精英阶层会将科技问题政治化,采用一系列手段维持科技竞争优势,包括但不限于市场准入,技术转移封锁和限制人才流动。

面对美国竞争态度的转变,中国必须认识到,在技术天花板日益明显的情况下,中国应立足本国,梳理好制度设计,准备持久战。就科技竞争而言,这需要政府把自主创新真正从口号变成行动,从税制,法律和舆论等角度做出改变。从思想层面认识到严苛的知识产权保护制度是创新的孵化器,以灵活的企业IPO制度保证初创企业成长。此外,美国聚天下英才而用之的政策也值得借鉴。(方承志,南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院副教授)

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