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旅美熊猫双胞胎周岁 今年“熊猫热”席卷全球

2017-09-07 10:12:53   新华网

今年4月,在芬兰独立100周年之时,中芬两国政府敲定芬兰南部艾赫泰里动物园租借两只大熊猫事宜。就在芬兰人以为他们的熊猫梦即将实现时,68岁的芬兰老人奥利·萨哈马基在得知当地政府要花820万欧元造熊猫馆时,向瓦萨行政法院提交诉讼,要求法院阻止艾赫泰里市政府对熊猫馆的这笔巨额拨款。萨哈马基上诉的理由有两点:首先,人口仅6000余的小镇配套设施无法承载大熊猫落户后带来的接待能力,客运列车每天仅一两班,附近也没有机场;其次,当地动物园曾破产过几次,2016年总收入仅220万欧元,而两只大熊猫每年租借、吃饭和养护就需耗费约160万欧元,如果政府拨款820万欧元或导致小镇经济崩溃。最终萨哈马基赢得了这场诉讼,当地政府的这笔建设熊猫馆的资金也因此无法到位。

事实上,租借大熊猫是对一国政府财力与精力的考验。一般情况下,一只大熊猫每年租金为100万美元,租期一般为10年,到期可以续约。租借的另一个前提条是必须有能力饲养大熊猫。泰国清迈动物园为此建造了一座600平方米的雪景园,常年人工降雪使园内保持零下6-7摄氏度;美国华盛顿动物园为大熊猫修馆舍花费超过400万美元;同样,圣地亚哥为迎接一对大熊猫也花费了500万美元兴建馆舍;在法国伯瓦尔,接收方甚至为大熊猫专门修建了一个粪便回收池,仅这一项便需300万美元。

除日常开销外,动物园还需应对大熊猫发生意外时遭受的损失。2010年9月9日,租借给日本神户市立王子动物园的大熊猫“龙龙”在采集精液的麻醉过程中,因呕吐而把胃内容物误吸入肺,导致窒息死亡。按照协议,如果大熊猫发生非自然死亡,神户市将向中国野生动物保护协会支付赔偿金50万美元。之后,神户市通过保险等渠道募集并偿清了这笔赔款。租借状态中的熊猫如产下幼崽,除所有权仍归中国外,租借方还需向中方支付每只60万美元的费用,且2岁以后必须归国参与繁殖。

饲养大熊猫还需付出难以估量的精力。在美国亚特兰大动物园,每周一至周五,一个由6名成员组成的小分队专门在方圆160公里范围内的1500多个“农场”为其挑选食材。这些食材不能被喷洒农药,更不能生长在受污染的水源附近。在小分队收集回来的200多种食物里,“挑嘴”的大熊猫通常只对其中20种感兴趣。

“熊猫使者”促进友好关系

在1982年以前,我国一直采用无偿赠送模式,将大熊猫作为国礼赠送给与中国保持良好外交关系或希望与之建交的国家。然而随着大熊猫数量减少,中国从1982年开始停止向外国赠送大熊猫,转而采用租借模式。“这一可爱的动物能够吸引足够多的注意力,它们是受保护的符号,”英国广播公司曾如此描述大熊猫的魅力,“几十年来,熊猫租借协议促进了国家间的关系”。牛津大学研究团队在剑桥大学学术期刊《环保行动》上发表报告称,中国2011年向苏格兰爱丁堡动物园出租两只大熊猫。在租借后不久,中国与苏格兰方面签署了鲑鱼、可替代能源、汽车的贸易协议,总价值26亿英镑。

研究报告的主要作者凯瑟琳·白金汉表示,大熊猫现阶段的意义更加凸显。中国将这一珍稀动物委托给其他国家,在某种意义上象征着两国关系的新开端,标志着双方谋求长期、良好的关系。今年6月大熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”抵达柏林后,《法兰克福汇报》 就表示,“这是一项国家级的事务,德国有幸得到这对大熊猫,完全可以理解为中国政府重视与德国的关系。”(记者吴雨伦)

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