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期待更多动物园跟上时代脚步

2017-09-05 09:21:52   央广网

原标题:期待更多动物园跟上时代脚步

广州动物园日前贴出公告,宣布园内租赁经营的动物行为展示馆于8月31日合同到期,从9月1日起正式闭馆。这意味着,园内持续24年的动物马戏表演谢幕。对于结束双方的合作关系,广州动物园给出的解释是,包括园内另两处类似的租赁项目,到期后都将不再续约,而是会按照最新的发展规划改造成非经营性的科普教育中心,让动物们在生活场景中展现其自然行为,并对公众免费开放。

对很多老广来说,广州动物园的马戏表演无疑是一段给他们留下深刻印象的童年记忆。从网络上公众舆论的反馈来看,虽然有部分网友表达了对持续24年的这个表演的不舍,但更多的还是对广州动物园的这一做法表示了极大支持。对承租方而言,这或许并不是一个容易接受的决定,毕竟结束经营了24年的马戏表演,最直接的影响肯定是经济上的,因此不难理解在广州动物园发出公告后,其还在坚持营业,甚至希望通过“交谈”改变园方决定。关键在于,早在2010年10月18日,国家住建部就下发了《关于进一步加强动物园管理的意见》,明确要求“各地动物园和其他公园要立即进行各类动物表演项目的清理整顿工作,自本意见发布之日起3个月内,停止所有动物表演项目”。尽管承租方名义上经营的是“动物行为展示馆”,且就连广州动物园方面也承认一直以来没有收到该馆虐待动物的反映,但此前游客们所观看到的,本质上就是动物表演,也就注定了其终究要回归到行政主管部门规范之内。

奥斯卡获奖纪录片《海豚湾》的制作者、知名海豚训练师瑞察·欧贝瑞曾经反思:“其实海豚也是有自我意识的,只不过我们人类常常忽视这样的真相而已。”跳出行政规定的视野,结束马戏这样的动物表演,既是行业趋势,又是时代进步的必然。今年5月21日,世界知名三大马戏团之一的美国玲玲马戏团在纽约长岛举行了谢幕演出,结束了146年的运营历史。有报道指出,该马戏团之所以关闭,就是因为陷入了运营成本高、公众口味转变导致的低上座率、与动物保护法律纠纷等多重危机,以致最终难以为继。特别是在动物保护方面,如今越来越多的公众意识到,为了经济利益而强迫动物表演,已不再是这个时代文明所接纳的方式。正如此前在网络上引发轰动的纪录片《黑象》所揭示的,一场又一场看似憨态可掬、令人捧腹的大象表演的背后,实际上是训练员对它们严苛粗暴的驯服,而这些很少会拿到舞台上来展现。

这很自然地会让人联想到动物福利的话题。即便抛开动物与人类之间能否建立真正的情感交流,这一于上世纪70年代后期兴起的主张,至少关涉科学、伦理和法律等多个层面的现实问题。以科学为例,在现代畜牧业迈向规模化、专业化的今天,动物在饲养过程中的生理健康保障,已然成了涉及食品质量的严肃课题。就此而论,人类如何对待动物,实际上也在影响人类自身。从住建部近年发布的一系列涉及动物园的管理规定来看,包括前面提到的要求各地动物园结束动物表演,以及后来的《全国动物园发展纲要》、今年颁布实施的《动物园管理规范》,一直在以各种规定形式积极回应动物福利的相关主张。所以,无论是落实行政主管部门要求,还是顺应时代进步理念,广州动物园结束动物表演都开了一个好头。希望越来越多的动物园都能全方位实践新的时代理念,最起码让公众少看到一些饿瘦狮子老虎的新闻吧。

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