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记者手记:被北美自贸协定“抛弃”的墨西哥农民

2017-08-19 21:56:16   新华网

23年来,巴兰达既没有获得足够同美国农业劳动者竞争的相应补贴,也没有获得足够技术支持。据墨西哥参议院农业委员会公布的数据,墨西哥有350万像巴兰达一样的中小型农业生产者。

此外,包括巴兰达在内的一些农民向记者反映,当地许多种子价格随美元币值变动,美元升值时,种子、肥料和相关生产资料价格随之增长;贬值时,种子价格却依然高居不下。加上土地肥性差、生产技术弱等原因,墨西哥小农户难以同美国大农场主竞争,不少农民被迫出售赖以生存的土地,却不知何去何从。

更讽刺的是,墨西哥作为玉米生产消费大国,却要“伸手”从美国进口。大街小巷许多玉米饼店倾向购买质优价廉的美国玉米,很难想象墨西哥人每日餐桌必备的玉米饼,很多竟然用的是美国玉米。

“进口玉米成本低、产量高,不过也打破了当地人购买本地玉米的习惯。”镇上磨坊老板埃弗拉因·罗德里格斯说,当地玉米价格比美国进口玉米价格每公斤贵出4至5比索。

据联合国粮食及农业组织发布的数据,2016年,墨西哥玉米年产量达到2760万吨,远低于美国3.43亿吨水平。另据墨西哥官方公布的数据,同年墨西哥从美国进口玉米1380万吨。

16日,就在北美自贸协定首轮重谈启动当天,与巴兰达相隔仅几座山头的首都墨西哥城,数千名墨西哥农民、学生等涌上改革大道游行抗议,高喊“自贸协定伤害你,墨西哥不要协定”等口号。

参加游行的奥尔加告诉记者,墨西哥中小农业者的利益,自美国廉价谷物进口后就受损不少,“墨西哥应把玉米相关内容从北美自贸协定中删除”。

“特朗普就会说北美自贸协定让墨西哥占了便宜,他应该来墨西哥看看我们农民受到多大的损失。”另一名游行者对记者说。

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