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对比中美地铁:纽约地铁常延误 上海地铁整点率99.8%

2017-08-15 08:27:01   中国经济网

上海地铁建设速度惊人

上海地铁以及中国其他城市的地铁与很多西方城市地铁的真正区别在于建设速度。

大都会运输署近些年在整个地铁系统中使用六台巨大的隧道掘进机。而上海正在修建或延长的很多新线路中,仅在一条上就有60台这样的设备。

上海地铁副总工程师、49岁的周希圣表示,“我们的工程进度是比西方国家要快的,可能我们需要一两年完成的工程,他们需要5到10年。”

上海不只是有更多设备,它还有更便宜的劳动力。这里的重型设备操作员每个月大约挣1000美元(1美元约合6.7元人民币——本网注),跟纽约同等工人比起来微不足道。

总体效果是惊人的:据布鲁塞尔的国际公共交通协会称,中国在过去两年里每年建成的地铁线路长于世界其他国家的总和。

公平地讲,简单地计算隧道掘进机和工人的数量不足以比较每个城市在修建地铁线路时面临的挑战。

首先,纽约的地铁建设并不都需要使用隧道掘进机:有些是在地上挖出很深的壕沟,铺上新轨道,然后再盖住。

一个更重要的区别是,纽约开隧道必须穿过坚硬的岩石,而上海则是打通相对较软的固化淤泥,它们是数百万年来流过长江三角洲的河水留下的(不过,淤泥也造成了另一个危险,那是纽约坚硬的岩床所不太担心的:确保上海地铁隧道的顶部不会塌陷或漏水)。

上海地铁运输人数是纽约地铁两倍

上海地铁的运输人数是纽约的近两倍,尽管它的车站数量比纽约少四分之一。不过从日常角度讲,这两个系统最大的区别在于每座城市地铁站的复杂程度。

比如,庞大的时报广场站和它的第42街延长部分有12条线路穿过,虽然有几条线的轨道相同。纽约的地铁图上没有一条线是绝对的直线。

而上海的地铁图看起来更像是一个矩形网格,地铁线都是南北向或东西向,几乎没有例外。所以,大部分换乘站只有两条线穿过,有几个有三条线,整个地铁网中只有一个车站有四条线穿过。

没有“斜行”地铁线意味着旅程往往更长,经常需要换乘——乘客们实际上是沿着方形路线到达目的地,而且必须在转角处换乘。

上海地铁网最新增加的14号线是一个明显的例外。它最终开放时,会斜着通过某些路段。

不过,这座城市的人口是纽约的三倍,上海地铁官员表示,由于担心过度拥挤,他们更喜欢简单。

“我们尽量避免四线换乘,”上海地铁运营管理中心主任李颖峰表示,“因为我们的客流量比纽约大。”

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