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纽约地铁大修陷入“钱荒”

2017-08-14 10:12:55   中国经济网

纽约地铁年久失修,水泥地面到处开裂,天花板油漆剥落,积存着经年的污垢。图为纽约地铁一角。人民视觉

核心阅读

作为最早拥有地铁的发达国家之一,美国纽约的地铁系统颠覆了外界对美国“先进”的印象。由于年久失修,纽约地铁堪称是全球最大、也是最脏乱的地下铁路系统之一。杂乱无章的地铁还面临着越来越严重的延误问题。

日前,纽约市市长比尔·德布拉西奥宣布,将对这座美国最大城市收入最高的民众增税,用于支援纽约地铁大规模修缮。目前该计划仍需得到纽约州参议院批准。纽约地铁成为美国基础设施陈旧落后的一个缩影。尽管特朗普政府提出了万亿基建计划,然而这一计划可能遭到民主党的反对而受阻于国会,该计划多大程度上能够实现仍有待观察。

这套113年历史的地铁系统运行状态越来越糟糕

昏暗的灯光下,伴随着几声刺耳的车轮摩擦轨道声,地铁要进站了。狭窄的站台没有防护门,乘客们都小心翼翼以免跌落。车厢内没有空调,空气中弥漫着闷热与焦躁。有时候,地铁信号系统崩溃时,列车就会停下,引发大规模延误,还有机械故障、停电,甚至脱轨,乘客怨声载道。

纽约市人口密度大,交通拥挤,在纽约尤其是曼哈顿岛上出行,地铁是首选公共交通工具。纽约地铁于1904年开始运营,是目前世界上最庞大、通车里程最长、客流量最多的城市轨道交通系统之一,轨道绵延1070公里,全年无休每天24小时接送近600万乘客。

这套有着113年历史的地铁系统的运行状态越来越糟糕。今年6月,纽约曼哈顿A线地铁发生一起车厢脱轨事故,造成34人受轻伤,数百名乘客被困。就在这起事故发生前不久,一辆F线地铁在晚高峰时段因故停滞,大批乘客在闷热黑暗的地铁里被困1小时之久。美国有线电视新闻网报道称,今年纽约地铁的延误和中断次数大幅增加,入夏以来一个月内已发生两次地铁出轨事故,乘客们被迫忍受“地狱一样的夏天”。

纽约市民苏珊塔表示,每天出门乘坐地铁犹如买彩票一般,能不能赶上准点的列车完全看运气。根据纽约大都会运输管理局的数据,今年以来,纽约地铁只有63%的准点率,而6年前准点率为85%。

为加快推进地铁修缮计划,德布拉西奥提出了向富人征税的计划。按照计划,年收入50万美元以上的个人和年收入超过100万美元的夫妇,其所得税税率将从3.876%上调至4.41%,涉及约3.2万名市民。这一增税措施可以使纽约市每年增加8亿美元财政收入。预计2018年可以为地铁和公交系统升级改造额外筹得7亿美元。

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