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共享汽车在海外:美共享汽车渐成“千禧一代”时尚

2017-08-04 09:29:44   中国经济网

进入Zipcar的网站,可以清晰地看到Zipcar对客户群的划分:个人、商业用户、大学生,并针对不同的人群推出了各具特色的套餐。Zipcar的客户定位主要是受过良好教育的年轻城市居民。Zipcar会到这些潜在客户密集的地区做营销推广。此外,Zipcar还通过脸书和推特等社交媒体收集会员反馈,改善客户体验,注重维护品牌和推广。

通常情况下,租车公司不向小于21岁的顾客提供服务,原因是年轻用户处于危险年龄段,保险公司收取的保费较高。但Zipcar扮演着传统租车行业颠覆者的角色。他们通过与一些大学合作,把大学生良好的行车记录拿给保险公司过目,争取到较低的保险费率。再进一步争取到更多学校支持,从而以学校数量为保障再与保险公司签下合约。校园汽车分享计划目前已成为Zipcar的主要收入来源之一,更重要的是,该计划使客户从年轻时就培养了对Zipcar的忠诚度,现在公司大约2/3的会员都在35岁以下。

美国共享经济协会数据显示,每共享1辆汽车,可以减少13辆汽车的购买行为。

研究表明——

3000辆共享汽车可以取代纽约市1.3万辆出租车

Zipcar推翻了消费者使用汽车就必须拥有汽车的传统观念,宣称为消费者提供的是“你身边的轮子”。公司的广告词这样写道:“我们需要喝牛奶,难道就需要每家每户养奶牛吗?”生动地说明共享汽车一样能满足用车需求。Zipcar还透露其每辆汽车可以取代15—20辆私人汽车,这让许多饱受交通拥挤和停车紧张之苦的城市看到了希望。

为了让更多的人使用共享汽车,很多停车场也开始和Zipcar合作,为Zipcar留出专用车位,方便用户取车还车。有些城市甚至为共享汽车服务提供补贴,以此鼓励这种共享经济。

今年1月,美国麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室(CSAIL)发布的研究表明,只需要3000辆共享汽车,就可以取代纽约市1.3万辆出租车。主导此次研究的丹妮埃拉·卢斯博士称:“希望开发出一种能够同时考虑上千车辆和用户用车请求的实时解决方案。特别是这一系统对于无人驾驶车尤其合适,因为这样系统可以不停地根据实时用车需求来重新规划车辆。”

不过,如何盈利是共享汽车行业模式亟须解决的一个重要问题。Zipcar从创立的第一天起,创始人罗宾·蔡斯就对公司的未来有着清醒认识:“我们一直很清楚,我们的发展方向要么上市,要么被收购。”2011年4月,Zipcar在美国上市,估值最高时超过12亿美元。2013年1月,被安飞士集团以4.91亿美元的价格收购。《华尔街日报》的相关报道称,Zipcar一直在投入资源进行全球性的扩张,遗憾的是它从未转亏为盈。而在与租车巨头赫兹公司争夺市场时,Zipcar需要花费更多的成本进行扩张。

在美国,共享汽车都是由私人公司运营,一些地方政府会对特定用户进行补贴。全国广播公司洛杉矶频道的报道称,洛杉矶市政府批准了一项与法国公司博洛雷子公司——蓝色加州的承包合同,开始一个专注于低收入社区的共享汽车项目试验。加利福尼亚州碳排放与交易基金将为该项目支付167万美元,洛杉矶市政府将投入180万美元资金,蓝色加州将投资1000万美元。洛杉矶市希望试验阶段能有7000人注册。如果试验成功,此方案有望在洛杉矶以外城市进行推广,并利用碳排放与交易基金达到加州既定目标:在2025年前使该州路面上电动汽车达到150万辆。

(本报华盛顿8月3日电)

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