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共享单车新规出台:要求用户实名制 鼓励免押金

2017-08-03 17:09:07   

继高铁、支付宝、网购之后,共享单车成为了老外眼中我国最伟大的“新四大发明”之一。近日,经国务院同意,在交通运输部的牵头下十部委联合发布了《关于鼓励和规范网络租赁自行车发展的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》),对鼓励和规范共享单车发展提出了新的要求。 按照“服务为本、改革创新、规范有序、属地管理、多方共治”的基本原则,《指导意见》从实施鼓励发展政策、规范运营服务行为、保障用户资金和网络信息安全、营造良好发展环境四个方面,提出了相关具体措施,涉及了用户注册需使用实名制管理并签订服务协议,明确指出禁止向未满12岁的儿童提供服务,并鼓励企业采用免押金方式提供租赁服务等多项内容。 要求实名制注册 禁止12岁以下儿童使用 为提升共享单车服务水平,《指导意见》明确要求,运营企业要加强线上线下服务能力建设,对用户注册使用实行实名制管理并签订服务协议,明示计费方式和标准,建立投诉处理机制,为用户购买人身意外伤害险等。 今年3月,上海一位11岁小学生在骑共享单车途中被大巴碾压身亡。悲剧发生后,引发了公众热议,为保证安全,到底共享单车应不应该向12岁以下儿童开放?《指导意见》做出了明确规定,禁止企业向未满12岁的儿童提供服务。 然而,由于很多初代共享单车的智能锁存在缺陷,目前很多学生按照网上的“开锁教程”熟练掌握了开锁技巧,并不需要手机注册和扫描二维码即可轻松骑走,这样的问题又该如何应对? 据了解,目前各大互联租赁自行车平台企业都在单车上明显位置粘贴了“12岁以下儿童禁止骑行”的安全标语。今年以来,国家发改委积极联合有关部门推动互联网租赁自行车运营企业签署信用信息共享协议,引入信用手段推进该领域的信用建设。 鼓励免押金租赁 已收押金将“专款专用” 除了方便人们出行、为城市增添靓丽的风景线之外,共享单车俨然已经变身成功的商业模式,成了资本市场的宠儿。根据艾瑞APP指数数据,2017年5月,仅摩拜单车一家日均活跃用户数量在800万人左右,每人提交押金299元,资金池即有24亿元之多。如此庞大的资金池应该如何运作、如何监管,也成为了社会公众关注的焦点。 针对用户资金及信息安全等问题,《指导意见》鼓励采用免押金方式提供租赁服务,企业已收取押金或者预付资金的,要在注册地设立专用账户,实行专款专用,完善退还制度,接受交通、金融等主管部门监管。 目前,已有多家企业实行了免押金的做法。比如,在今年3月,小蓝单车bluegogo和永安行等宣布接入芝麻信用,不同城市的用户可根据自身不同的芝麻信用等级获得免费骑行等服务,摩拜单车也于近日在天津、杭州等城市推出新用户免押金骑行活动。 根据蚂蚁金服的数据,自今年3月以来,已有11家共享单车平台陆续接入了芝麻信用实行骑行免押金,共为用户免去押金40亿元。看来,免押金骑行已经是共享单车的大势所趋。 采取电子围栏规范停车 杜绝非法占道 随着骑行人数和投放量的增多,共享单车似乎变成了城市管理者的一块“心病”。地铁口、公交站、人行横道甚至机动车逐主路上,到处可见凌乱停放的共享单车,对市民出行造成了一定的困扰,也影响了道路通行的安全。 为此,《指导意见》特别规定,将落实车辆停放管理责任,采取电子围栏等综合措施有效规范用户停车行为,及时清理违规停放、存在安全隐患、不能提供服务的车辆。加强监督管理和宣传教育,公开通报存在问题,引导安全文明用车,提高企业服务质量和用户信用评价。 备受瞩目的电子围栏技术在此前交通部发布的一份《指导意见》中曾进行了介绍,即通过物联网芯片发射信号覆盖技术,给共享单车停放划定一个围栏,让单车只能停放在规定范围内。当自行车超出了范围时,将无法上锁,或者上锁后继续收费。 目前,北京市已经开始统一规划试点公共电子围栏,但在实际实施中,部分围栏地面传感器遭到破坏和偷盗,还有空间不够用、距离太远等多种问题。有专家指出,北上广等大城市共享单车投放量已接近饱和,接下来企业的重点应该是控制投放数量,大幅度提高分享率,采取“负面清单”的方法来解决乱停放的问题。


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