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揭南海仲裁案仲裁庭真面目 欺世盗名的“怪胎”

2016-07-17 11:02:07    新华网

专家表示,虽然根据《公约》国际海洋法法庭庭长在特定情形下有权组建特设仲裁庭,但其政治背景和明显的政治倾向理应构成法定回避事由。

“由于日本与中国存在钓鱼岛争端,柳井俊二别说兼顾考虑中方利益,就连保持起码的客观公正都不可能做到。”吴士存说。

另外,仲裁员当中,除代中方指定的帕夫拉克外,其余4人均作为其他仲裁案的仲裁员出席。其中门萨(5起)和沃尔夫鲁姆(3起)居多,门萨同时兼任三个仲裁庭首席仲裁员。

法律专家表示,这种充分参与的其他案件可能会产生严重影响,导致预设立场和预判结果的可能,一定程度上对仲裁庭的公正性造成减损。

菲律宾指定的仲裁员沃尔夫鲁姆为例,据查证,其曾在2010年12月至2015年3月仲裁的查戈斯群岛案(毛里求斯诉英国)中担任仲裁员。

沃尔夫鲁姆在查戈斯群岛案中,发表署名的联名反对意见,明确否认、批驳了英国的主张——案件涉及岛屿主权问题,故而仲裁庭不具有管辖权——认为案件所涉主权问题不影响仲裁庭的管辖权。

此外,在“北极日出号”案(荷兰诉俄罗斯)中,沃尔夫鲁姆虽不是仲裁员,但与另一法官联名发布单独意见,强烈批评俄罗斯“不应诉”。分析认为,这也容易造成对“不应诉”立场形成固有成见。

孔令杰表示,临时仲裁庭仲裁员的背景有明显瑕疵。如沃尔夫鲁姆一直以来都比较激进,在过往案例中热衷于“造法”,即把海洋法公约上一些界定模糊的地方根据主观认识来完善补充。

仲裁庭人员构成代表性不足等种种问题,在国际海洋法法庭也引发争议。国际海洋法法庭前庭长、佛得角籍法官叶肃斯表示,他对4位仲裁员均来自欧洲深表关切。特立尼达和多巴哥籍法官卢次基曾在仲裁庭组成过程中致信柳井俊二,认为中国是被迫陷入仲裁程序。俄罗斯籍法官戈利钦表示同情中方在本案中的立场。

国际海洋法法庭前法官图尔克认为,临时仲裁庭来自欧洲的仲裁员明显偏多。“南海争端的本质是领土主权争端,不是单纯的法律问题,任何将涉及领土主权争端的政治问题包装成法律问题的做法都是自欺欺人。”

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