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美海军陷史上最大规模腐败丑闻(深度观察)

2016-06-12 04:41:05   人民日报

据杜谢克供述,为了贿赂美国海军,莱昂纳德购买了一艘英国退役军舰,将其改造为一艘派对船供美国海军军官游玩。作为指挥美国太平洋军事行动的海军上校,杜谢克于2010年安排“林肯”号航母在格伦防务所经营的马来西亚巴生港停靠,这一停就花掉了美军160万美元。

被莱昂纳德拖下水的还有美国军界新星、海军驱逐舰舰长米西维兹等高级军官。去年年底,美国海军作战部长理查德森曾透露,有30名涉案高级军官正在接受美国司法部或海军内部道德机构的调查。司法部官员则暗示,接受调查的人数可能多达200人。

前方缺乏监督机制,后方问责机制也不完备,导致美军丑闻层出不穷

并非所有人都对格林防务的违法行为视而不见。2004年,在香港负责美军舰船补给的低级军官大卫·萧斯发现格林防务狮子大开口,严重超收排污费。当萧斯与莱昂纳德当面对质时,莱昂纳德反问:“你知道我是谁吗?”

萧斯随后被告知不用再管这件事,而且只要他对格伦防务的行为提出异议,就会有人叫他“闪一边去”。萧斯在接受美国媒体采访时说:“(海军内)每个人都清楚这一点,却任其发展。如果有人试图阻止,上面就会有人出面禁声。”

萧斯曾向美国海军犯罪调查处反映过格伦防务在“里根”号航母访问期间虚报服务费的问题,但最终不了了之,萧斯反而成为“里根”号航母上人人厌恶的角色。不久后退役的萧斯说,在短暂时间里目睹到的腐败是他决定退役的最主要原因。法庭记录显示,杜谢克也认为美国部署在亚洲的海军内部“已形成了广泛的腐败文化”。

正是这种自上而下视腐败为常态的氛围导致直到2010年美国海军才对格林防务展开调查。为了能继续享受金钱与美色,莱昂纳德的老友、海军犯罪调查处驻新加坡探员贝里沃进入内部数据库,下载调查员的笔记、问询等原始材料并透露给莱昂纳德,助其掩饰罪证、恐吓证人,导致调查进展异常缓慢。

像莱昂纳德这样的承包商与军界高层相互勾结的腐败问题在美国不是孤例。美军对外部承包商的依存度不断增加,承包商的专业服务一定程度上为美军减负,但也带来了层出不穷的腐败问题。2007年,美国陆军曝出伊拉克重建工程受贿案,陆军少校科克汉姆在驻沙特负责军队工程与合同期间,从承包伊拉克和科威特后勤工程项目的商人处收受近千万美元的贿赂。

2005年9月至2014年9月间,美国司法部针对美军在海外战区所发生的不端行为发起237起刑事诉讼,其中多为合同承包和程序性欺诈,美军在伊拉克和阿富汗因浪费和欺诈造成的损失高达310亿到600亿美元。专家指出,依赖现金交易、对高价合同的订立过程过于草率、军队内部监管宽松等是当前美军对海外驻军管理上的短板。

乔治·华盛顿大学国家安全法教授劳拉·迪金森指出,前方缺乏监督机制,后方问责机制也不完备,导致美军丑闻层出不穷。美国公共诚信中心统计,在美军驻扎阿富汗期间,至少有115名美军士兵及军官通过窃取、收受贿赂和合同串标等方式侵占了价值约5200万美元的资产。不少人供述,他们敢以身试法的一个重要原因,正是军中这种“有法不依、违法不究”的氛围。在莱昂纳德案中,多次接受莱昂纳德奢华晚餐款待的“里根”号航母指挥官、海军少将米勒与另两名海军将官最终只受到内部斥责的惩罚。

(本报华盛顿6月11日电)

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