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超9成企业车辆不足50台 共享汽车难形成规模效应

2017-09-28 06:32:51   

专家认为,对于刚刚起步的共享汽车,《指导意见》前瞻性地提出了正面清单和负面清单相结合的管理措施,可以规范种种不合适的预期和行为,引导行业进入良性状态。

比如,为保证实际驾驶人身份识别的真实性。《指导意见》提出,共享汽车要落实承租人身份查验。“与传统出租车和网约车相比,对共享汽车的法律规定和要求是不一样的。”同济大学教授褚大建举例说,前者发生交通事故时,驾驶员和所在企业承担全部法律责任;后者除了车辆原因与出租企业有关外,驾驶责任应该归之于承租人,所以对汽车分时租赁的承租人要有严格的准入门槛。

“汽车分时租赁给有特殊需要的消费者提供了出行机会,这在一定程度上减缓了购买和使用私家车人口的高速增长。”褚大建表示,《指导意见》明确了汽车分时租赁在城市综合交通体系中的定位,将助推中国城市交通体系进行可持续发展导向的供给侧变革。

业内专家表示,共享汽车应该接受必要的市场规制,包括车辆投放总数要与市场需求相符、价格不允许违背市场规律、合理分布营业网点等。

尚未迎来爆发式增长

相比网约单车平台进入高集中度阶段,共享汽车还未迎来爆发式增长,甚至还没有一家全国性平台企业。

“共享汽车的发展需要有序进行,不可能像许多风投期望的那样出现火爆行情。”褚大建说。

一位业内人士告诉记者,目前还没有一家汽车分时租赁平台能够实现盈利。这些平台企业大多是依靠产业链条得以生存,有的有整车厂背景,有的能给上游产业带来商业价值。

面对看上去很美的共享汽车新业态,平台企业究竟有哪些难处?

首先,共享汽车获取车位成本高,且价格缺乏有效监督。目前,一线城市停车位获取成本居高不下,城区中心平均每个停车位获取月成本超过800元,同时还有部分被承包的停车场,有些甚至对共享汽车平台公司坐地涨价,无形中提高了企业运营成本。

其次,由于共享汽车是多人使用且使用频次较高,导致单个车辆非现场违章次数较多。范永跃建议,将现有的与运营车辆挂钩即“以车定责”,改变为与承租人挂钩即“以人定责”,以租赁合同为依据,从“管车”转变为“管人”。

据交通运输部统计,目前,全国共有6300余家汽车租赁业户,租赁车辆总数约20万辆,并以每年20%左右的速度增长。全国九成以上汽车租赁企业拥有车辆数不足50辆,难以实行网络化运营、形成规模经济效应。

交通运输部深化出租汽车改革首席专家徐康明表示,从目前来看,国内机场、火车站等大型交通枢纽的共享汽车业务量还远远不够。像北京、上海这样的大城市,现在共享汽车的数量还仅在千位数,未来将有十倍、甚至于百倍的发展潜力,整个行业还处在起步期。

(记者 赵文君 齐中熙)

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