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资源幻想
知乎上一位网友说:“当熬夜成为一种习惯,总会不知不觉把时间规划做到很晚,然后夜晚大块的时间会迷惑你,让你以为自己在晚上真的可以完成很多事情。”这就是熬夜中包含的资源幻想,它和人们常说的“拖延症”密切相关。心理学研究表明:拖延的深度成因是内在驱动力不足,以及对任务完成后的新进程的惧怕。那么熬夜也是如此。人们在完成某项任务时,一方面由于任务缺乏吸引力而苦恼,一方面被最后期限威胁,于是在潜意识中安慰自己“还有时间”。而“夜里头脑更清醒”“没人打扰效率高”这些说法,也和熬夜的时间一样,是安慰性的资源,到底靠不靠谱,自己知道。
即时回报优先
没人说健康不重要,看到网友惨痛的切身经历,我们内心的警钟也会响上一两声。但这些明确的意识难以转化成改善作息习惯的行为,不得不说,这是“即时回报优先”的心理作祟。和上述熬夜带来的种种“享受”相比,健康是一项长期收益,它的回报过于遥远,并且很难切实感受到,人们对这种未来、无形的收益,反应不敏感。同时,心理学告诉我们,个体的独特性决定了“感同身受”这件事并不存在,即使他人对疾病的描述细致入微,人们仍然无法真正意识到同样的问题可能危及自身。所以,同情归同情,感叹归感叹,劝诫箴言归劝诫箴言,熬夜的人仍然黑着眼眶——尽管再危险。
那么,到底,熬夜的人们该怎么办呢?健康第一当然是无可指摘的正确。但生物钟与现实生态的多样化,也决定了我们无法按照统一标准去生活。如果“不熬夜”变成新的刻板要求,带来的困扰可能比睡眠不足更糟。所以,不必因熬夜而抱有罪恶感,也不必为6小时或8小时焦虑,听从身体的感受,没有什么比它更真实。心理学(尤其人本主义)相信人会改变,也从不否认改变的艰难。而一旦真实的感受与需求呈现,一切艰难,又都不在话下。(蒋 硕 作者系国家二级心理咨询师)
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