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100万千瓦!我国重大水电装备制造将迎历史性跨越

2017-09-26 04:11:52   中国青年网

新华社成都9月25日电综述:国产百万千瓦机组领跑世界水电行业

新华社记者胡旭

预计2022年底投产的世界最大在建水电工程白鹤滩水电站,将首次采用100万千瓦的水轮发电机组,并首次全部实现国产化。“两个首次”意味着,我国重大水电装备制造将迎来历史性跨越,“中国水电”引领世界水电发展。

资料显示,在三峡工程之前,我国尚不具备制造35万千瓦以上水电机组的能力。但20多年来,从三峡工程的单机70万千瓦,到向家坝电站的80万千瓦,再到如今白鹤滩电站“冲刺”100万千瓦,中国水电装备从跟随到超越,现在实现全面引领。

“我们走了一条‘市场换技术’的道路。在三峡左岸开发阶段,中国三峡集团要求国际设备厂商签订技术转让合同,国外企业必须与中国企业联合设计、合作制造,并具体明确中国企业总分包的比例,由三峡集团向企业总分包支付技术转让费。”中国三峡集团机电局有关负责人介绍,三峡集团提出自己的技术需求,与设备企业联合组成技术攻关团队,联合攻克了多项关键技术,实现70万千瓦装备国产化,形成了水电行业的“三峡模式”。

20多年来,三峡集团和哈尔滨电气集团、东方电气集团携手,依托三峡工程和金沙江溪洛渡、向家坝电站等重大项目,创造了一条独具特色的“引进、消化、吸收、再创新”的成功之路,取得了我国70万千瓦机组从无到有的历史性突破,并推动我国重大水电装备由“中国制造”向“中国创造”转型升级。

坐落于川滇交界处金沙江下游的向家坝电站,是目前世界上已投运单机容量最大的水电站。到9月22日,电站投运5年来已累计生产清洁水电1369亿千瓦时,为国家经济社会发展注入了强劲的“绿色”动力。

记者从向家坝电厂获悉,8台80万千瓦机组中,有4台由哈电设计、制造,全部实现“首稳百日”,表明在这一领域国内厂家的研发制造能力已处于国际“第一梯队”,也为我国自主生产制造更大容量机组奠定了基础。

然而,从80万千瓦跨越到100万千瓦并非易事。80万千瓦的水轮发电机高达五层楼,旋转部分重达3000多吨,但它有数万个部件,一些指标要以0.01毫米的精度来考量——那仅仅是一根头发丝直径的六分之一。“相比之下,百万千瓦机组的技术难度和复杂性更是史无前例的。”参与百万千瓦机组研发的东方电机相关负责人介绍说,百万千瓦机组的设计制造已超出了现有的技术水平和规范,是中国水电向世界水电“无人区”的一次探索。

对此,白鹤滩水电站的业主方中国三峡集团,组织国内设计院及机组厂家开展了百万千瓦机组的全面研究工作,对关键技术进行重点攻关。经过近8年努力,国内有关企业相继完成了100万千瓦级大型混流式水轮发电机组结构、水力开发、发电机通风模拟试验、局部通风及温升模拟试验、推力轴承、绝缘技术及机组总体设计等科研攻关。

“水轮机模型同台对比试验表明,国产百万千瓦机组与国际厂商产品相比性能相当,部分指标甚至优于国外厂商。”中国三峡集团机电工程局局长张成平对记者说。

中国三峡集团董事长卢纯表示,在全球水电发展进入新阶段背景下,三峡集团正与东电、哈电等国内外装备制造企业强强联手,建立平等合作、互利共赢模式,为中国水电装备制造“走出去”创造良好条件,共同推进技术进步、打造世界品牌,在海外平台实现中国水电、中国装备制造的第二次飞跃。

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