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今年已有7个台风登陆我国 强度增加防灾不可大意

2017-09-23 06:31:57   中国青年网

上海台风研究所台风气候研究室主任徐明认为,全球变暖和台风之间到底有什么关系,众说纷纭,目前没有确切的定论证明全球变暖一定会带来台风的增多或减少。“从物理上来说,全球变暖以后大气中的水汽含量会增多,意味着低压系统热带系统强度有可能增强。”

不过,无论台风是否与全球变暖存在直接因果关系,全球变暖的大背景下,容易造成强台风、大暴雨等极端天气事件增多增强,这是不争的事实。国家气候中心副研究员黄磊指出,国际社会已经普遍认识到,人类活动对气候系统的干扰越大,人类社会所面临的风险就越高。2015年12月,联合国气候变化大会通过了《巴黎协定》,并于2016年11月4日正式生效。为最大程度减轻灾害损失,世界各国必须携手采取适应和减缓气候变化的积极行动。“一方面,要依靠科技进步,研究全球变暖引发的极端天气气候事件发生频次、强度、分布特征和变化规律,提升监测、预测、预报和预警水平;另一方面,需未雨绸缪,对基础设施进行合理规划,加强防范知识的宣传普及。”

还有一种观点认为,大西洋飓风数量的增加与空气污染源的减少有关。徐明表示,根据美国科学家的研究,飓风、台风的能源都来自于海洋,尤其是大西洋飓风,对海温变化的敏感性很高。当大气透明度增加后,太阳光线更容易到达海面,海温更易升高,这种情况下,更能提供大量的海洋能量以形成飓风,从物理学上来说逻辑是合理的。

要敬畏自然、珍惜生命,充分认识台风的破坏力和危害性

面对未来可能趋多、趋强的台风,我们的监测系统能否跟得上,应对措施能否扛得住?

中国气象局遥感应用服务中心卫星天气应用服务室主任王新介绍,中央气象台对近5年台风路径预报能力评估结果显示,路径预报的误差正在逐渐减少。“这与近年来卫星技术的提升密不可分,特别是我国新一代静止气象卫星风云四号,搭载了世界首台干涉式大气高光谱垂直探测仪器,还增加了很多新能力,让卫星在观测台风时如虎添翼。”

张玲说,台风在海上生成时,主要依靠卫星监测。当台风逐渐靠近陆地时,又多了一个监测手段“地基雷达”,它能从地面向天上看,可以更清晰地观察台风结构,定位也就更加准确。而当台风进一步靠近、登陆以后,密集的陆上地面观测和自动站网就能大显身手。

天罗地网般的监测之下,为何9月的两个重量级台风“泰利”和“杜苏芮”都在登陆我国之前转向,与早期预报不同?

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