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用中国声音讲述火星故事

2017-09-16 07:46:49   新华网

接地气还表现在举行“中国火星探测工程名称和图形标识全球征集活动”,并邀请了体育界郎平、姚明和音乐界谭盾、“中国三大男高音”及演艺界TFBOYS等名人作为“火星大使”,为全球征集活动宣传推广工作代言。启用形象大使,这也是中国重大科技工程史上的第一次。

“探火”中国版本出炉

火星被中国古人称为“荧惑”,这也是中国第一颗火星探测器取其谐音,被命名为“萤火一号”的原因。该探测器由上海卫星工程研究所从2007年6月中俄正式签署相关合作协议后开始研制。它重约110公斤,本体长75厘米、宽75厘米、高60厘米,携带照相机、磁强计等8件武器,肩负中国首次地外行星空间环境探测的重任。2011年11月,萤火一号搭载俄罗斯火箭发射升空,但是在随后的变轨过程中失利。

中国航天人在失利中奋起,迎难而上,继续向着火星探测的目标进发。2014年6月,在第22届国际天文馆学会大会上,中国月球探测工程首席科学家、“嫦娥之父”欧阳自远透露,中国计划在2020年实现火星着陆巡视,在2030年实现火星采样返回。2014年11月,中国火星探测系统模型首次亮相第十届中国国际航空航天博览会,成为明星展品。该探测系统由环绕器和着陆巡视器组成。其中,着陆巡视器主要功能为实现火星表面软着陆,并释放分离火星巡视器,开展巡视科学探索。在萤火一号失利仅3年之后,中国不仅制定了更富雄心的火星探测计划,而且悄然间在关键设备研发上取得了实质性进展,这的确让国际社会刮目相看。

2016年1月,中国火星探测迎来里程碑事件。有关部门正式批复了中国首次火星探测任务,这意味着中国火星探测任务正式立项,并正式对外界发布计划在2020年左右发射一颗火星探测卫星。值得一提的是,中国首次火星探测任务将在高起点上进行,计划一次实现“环绕、着陆、巡视”的目标。中国首次火星探测任务工程副总指挥、探月与航天工程中心主任刘继忠表示,这就意味着,不仅要实现环绕火星全球遥感探测,还要突破火星进入、下降、着陆、巡视、远距离测控通信等关键技术,这是其他国家第一次实施火星探测从未有过的,面临的挑战也是前所未有的。

中国航天科技工作者在新的、更高层面向火星探索目标迈进。需要指出的是,在中国已经借助俄罗斯运载火箭发射萤火一号火星探测器之后,这次火星探测任务依然被定义为中国“首次”是从“独立实施”角度而言的。而熟悉中国航天科技发展进程的人知道,彼时,中国大推力重型火箭长征五号研制已到最后关头,海南文昌发射场即将投入使用。相较于酒泉、西昌等较高纬度发射中心,文昌这一低纬度航天发射场将使同型号火箭增加10%左右推力。这些中国航天的新跨越为独立开展火星探测提供了必要基础。实际上,中国首次火星探测任务将在此基础上推进。探测任务工程总设计师张荣桥对外界表示,根据计划,在2020年七八月间,探测器将在海南文昌发射中心,使用长征五号运载火箭将探测器直接发射到地火转移轨道,经过漫长旅程飞行,到达火星,进入火星环绕的运行轨道,对预选着陆区进行详查评估,之后择机释放着陆器和巡视器。

新台阶踏新征程

2016年6月,南海之滨的文昌航天发射中心发射的第一枚运载火箭,掀开了中国航天低纬发射的新篇章。此后约5个月,中国目前运载能力最大,地球同步转移轨道和近地轨道运载能力分别达到14吨级、25吨级的重型火箭长征五号首飞成功。中国火星探测能力迈上新台阶。

火星探测从来不易,在人类探测火星的历程中,有很多航天器成为“殉道者”,因此,火星也有“航天器坟墓”之称。对中国火星探测任务而言,一方面,我们要清醒地意识到前路并不平坦,需要克服的困难一定会有很多,对此有充足的心理准备;另一方面,我们也要有清晰的自我认知,认识到中国航天一步一个脚印、稳打稳扎砥砺前行的发展和进步,特别是载人航天工程和探月工程近年取得的惊人突破,为火星探测进行了大量技术储备和丰富的经验积累。

早在汉朝,中国就留下观察火星的文字记录。如果从那时算起,中国人已经对其仰望了两千年,今天,行进在复兴之路上的中华民族将以自己的智慧,探索和讲述那个遥远星球的故事。(本报记者 张保淑)

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