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为高职院校支撑一片天

2017-09-14 09:06:29   新华网

其二,一些误导政策应该取消。高职教育在入学制度、就业制度、薪酬晋升制度、学位制度和学生学历上升通道等一些基础性制度上面临重重困难。在入学政策方面,高职的学生约50%来自普通高考划定的“三类生”,这部分学生普遍被社会和家长认为是“高考的失败者”,另50%左右来自于中职毕业生,这些学生又被社会认为是“中考的失败者”;最遭人诟病的是就业和薪酬晋升制度,公务员考试必须有本科文凭,尽管公务员岗位中有许多是技能性岗位,但重学历轻能力现象还普遍存在;高职层次是没有学位的,尽管呼吁多年,希望能授予达到一定专业学识和能力水平的高职毕业生“本科副学士”学位,但至今仍没有摆上议事日程;而职业教育与普通教育的“立交桥”始终没有很好建立,高职学生的上升通道并不顺畅。

现在从中央到地方各级政府对职业教育越来越重视,而当务之急还是应该在政策保障层面对高等职业教育“高看一眼”,在一些基础制度的设计上真正有所改革和突破,真正扭转对职业教育的偏见,真正实现“努力让每个人都有人生出彩的机会”。

  3 破解管理尴尬,探寻创新体制

高职教育是改革开放后出现的新的高等教育形式,近30年的发展,总体上处于规模扩张阶段:征地、建校、造房、上专业、引师资、建基地、拼项目……一直是这一阶段的主旋律。

在这一阶段,“六路大军”办高职——省级教育行政部门、行业主管部门、企业集团、地方人民政府、科技(经济)或产业园区,以及企业和民间资本等,是对高职当下办学主体的真实写照。

“政府统筹”在实际工作中,往往变成党委政府各部门按各自的职责对高职院校实施“事业单位式”的管理,如组织部门管干部、配班子,考核党建工作;宣传部门管意识形态,考核思政工作;纪检监察部门管党风廉政,实施巡视巡查和审计整改;编制部门管定编定岗,实施内设机构备案审核;发改部门管学校中长期发展规划,实施重大项目立项审批;人社部门管岗位职级、人才评定、绩效工资总额审定和技能鉴定;财政部门管预算、生均经费拨款和项目经费;经信、建设、交通、农林、卫生等行业主管部门实施行业标准和行业特色管理;教育行政部门的管理事项则主要集中在招生、国际合作教育、各类项目评审上、办学水平和质量评价。

无论是“六路大军”办高职,还是“九龙治水”管高职,都充分说明了目前的高职教育在管理体制上的多样性、复杂性和局限性。

众所周知,高职教育是跨界的教育,作为高等教育的一种组织形式,它具有高等性、职业性和区域性的特点;作为一种有别于普通教育的类型教育,它不仅具有教育属性,还具有经济属性和民生属性;此外,高职教育还具有与终身教育相连,与市场规律相通等特征。因此,高职教育必须尽快从管理走向治理,加快相关法律法规的制订和修订,理顺关系、激发活力、推进统筹发展,这是实现高职教育治理体系和能力现代化的当务之急。

抓住发展机遇,站在经济、社会和教育发展全局的高度,以战略眼光,现代职教理念和国际视野推动高职教育基本制度创新和结构调整,是推动高职教育发展的关键。高职教育的外部发展环境决定了其未来走向,也许只有当高职教育真正走出诸如示范、骨干和优质校项目建设依赖,探寻到质量内涵发展的坚实路径,我国的高职教育才有一份真正属于自己的发展自信,这一类型和层次的职业教育也终将成为我国人力资源强国建设的必然选择。(作者:谢列卫,系杭州科技职业技术学院院长)

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