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“网剧热”的冷思考

2017-08-24 09:18:14   新华网

正是由于1999年试图通过释放行业活力,来吸纳更多社会资本的广电体制改革,在今天走到了历史的十字路口,社会资本自然纷纷转向更加有利可图的、管控也相对宽松的网剧“蓝海”。

网络文艺受众的“4+1群体”

随着移动互联网时代媒体迭代的加速,新的受众正在不断地登上历史舞台。20世纪80年代至今,电视剧观众的主体是中年女性,也就是我们传统意义上的“大妈”;而在移动互联网时代,更多的年轻观众开始成为电视剧/网剧观众的主体,并主导了话语权。受众的迭代,自然引发了全行业的转向。

根据中国互联网络信息中心《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》,我们可以对当下的电视剧/网剧观众群体进行一个初步的描摹——在我国的7.5亿网民当中,有将近90%没上过大学,70%左右在四十岁以下,农村网民已经超过四分之一,每6个网民当中还有1人在通过网吧上网。我们姑且可以将这组数据分析,称为讨论包括网剧在内的网络文艺受众的“4+1群体”。

在过去,传统的电视剧等文艺作品,大多是针对一二线城市观众而制作的,长期忽视这“4+1群体”,也就是我们常说的三四线城市和广大县级市的“小镇青年”。但在移动互联网时代,海量的“小镇青年”被纳入到了包括网剧在内的网络文艺的受众体系,他们已成为我国文化娱乐消费市场的主体。网剧之所以焕发出了如此强大的生命力,就是由于其在针对这“4+1群体”不断定向打造。

正是由于移动互联网时代的媒介杠杆效应,将这长期沉默的“4+1群体”解放为我国文化娱乐市场的增量,推动了以网剧为代表的网络文艺的蓬勃发展。这同时也解释了为什么《战狼2》可以撬动50多亿元的票房——真正将票房纪录不断刷新的根本力量,还是来自这“4+1群体”所释放出的强大动能。

爆炸式增长也伴随着过剩

不能将网剧和电视剧放置在二元对立的框架下分析的一大根本原因正在于,网剧并没有超脱出电视剧行业所面临的市场环境。或者说,二者正处在相同的困境中。电视剧领域当中的产能过剩、渠道不通畅、天价片酬、“天价IP”等问题,并不是广电领域所独有,在网剧行业中也同样存在。只不过,因为目前网剧还处在快速扩张的上升通道阶段,表现得并不明显。

自2009年以来,网剧领域开始实现爆炸式增长,到了2017年,大资本、大导演、大明星也纷纷进军网剧领域。只不过,与网剧喜人的规模倍增形势相伴随的,还有网剧成本的日益高企:《暗黑者2》的制作成本超过了2000万元,《无心法师》达到4000万元,《心理罪》也有3000万;而《他来了,请闭眼》单集成本平均下来已有156万元,这已基本等同于一般电视剧的投资程度,更不用说《盗墓笔记》已达到每集300万的地步。

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