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“网剧热”的冷思考

2017-08-24 09:18:14   新华网

弥补了类型缺失的“灯下黑”

网剧发展的初始阶段,网剧只是我国广电体系下电视剧领域的一个亚类型。它和网络大电影一样,是传统影视类型的互联网变体。

这并不是特例和个案。其实,我国网络文艺作品的诞生也有着类似的共性:过去,由于我国文化工业整体水平偏低、发展时间短、发展不均衡,没有形成像发达国家那样种类相对齐全、能满足各层次受众需求的文艺类型。这种缺失直接催生了以网络文学、网剧、网络大电影、网络综艺节目为代表的网络文艺。作为传统文艺的通俗类型缺失的“灯下黑”式的一种补充,网络文化在近三四年时间里迅速搅动了互联网领域的文化娱乐消费热潮。

比如,现在的一些通俗文学,相对于追求艺术性、形式感的纯文学而言,除了言情、武侠等少数题材和类型外,一直处于“半地下”状态,在数量上远远无法满足普罗大众的文化娱乐需求。于是,当异常通俗的网络文学一经诞生,就迅速席卷了数亿的读者。

我国传统广电体系下的电视剧行业,同样面临着相似的问题。正因为电视剧远不能覆盖多达几亿观众的广阔的文化娱乐消费需求,于是网剧作为可以弥补传统电视剧行业类型缺失的、极具生命力的新兴力量,自然从一登上屏幕开始就受到广泛关注和热捧。

因此,网剧和电视剧之间,并非简单的二元对立关系,而是面临着共同的时代结构。

改革释放活力,资本流向“蓝海”

当前的一大经典认知误区就在于,将广电体系某种程度上的下行,归结为以网剧、网络大电影、网络综艺节目为主打的视频网站的冲击,进而认定是网剧的兴起造成了传统电视剧的萎靡。

然而事实是,从我国电视剧行业自身发展的角度来看,即使没有网剧的热潮,电视剧行业本身也已盛况不在。仅就全国34家省级卫视的综合频道而言,他们当前面临的实际经营状况,其实已经捉襟见肘。因为眼下,要购置任何“大IP电视剧”作品,两三亿元都已是起步价,按照一季度一部的保守估计,一家卫视每年仅购置电视剧的投入,就已有十几亿元,这还不包括同样昂贵的电视综艺节目;而全国电视行业的广告总额只在1000亿规模左右,再平均到各卫视,注定杯水车薪。

显然,传统电视剧行业,目前正深陷在一种总体性的行业危机当中。1999年,在广电领域推行的市场化改革,完成了省级卫视的全部上星,并推行制播分离、台网分离,一步步发展到了今天这种当初所不曾料想的复杂局面:已从当年所试图召唤的充分的市场自由竞争,蜕变为全行业的垄断格局。这个阶段的基本特征,就是行业资源的高度集中,具体表现就是当下的演员天价片酬、“热门IP”的天价版权等已引起全社会关注的行业乱象。

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