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揭秘共轨反卫星武器:太空猎物追寻者 可贴身击毁卫星

2017-08-23 04:10:26   中国青年网

除动能武器外,美国也在积极发展定向能武器。定向能反卫星技术是指将激光、微波、粒子束等能量集中起来定向发射以摧毁卫星的技术手段。1997年10月,美国陆军首次使用中红外先进化学激光器在新墨西哥州的白沙导弹试验场进行了摧毁在轨卫星的试验。另外,天基激光武器从1992年以来也进行多次试验,技术上已达到了武器要求水平。另外,美国从20世纪90年代后期起也加紧了对高能微波武器的研制。

“从美俄反卫星武器的发展来看,未来定向能可能会成为反卫技术的主流。定向能武器拥有速度快、反应灵活、重复使用代价低、功率可调便于控制破坏程度等优点,在未来必然会有巨大的发展空间。”兰顺正说。

我国或正在探索相关技术

公开资料显示,我国在2007年使用上升式动能反卫导弹成功击毁了位于863公里高度的已经失效的风云一号C气象卫星。在随后的2010年、2013年1月、2016年9月,中国又接连进行了多次反卫星导弹实验和中段反导实验。其中2013年1月27日的试验最为引人瞩目。美国军事媒体人比尔?戈茨宣称,我国使用的是新型DN-2直接上升式动能反导/卫导弹,这种导弹是一种高轨道拦截弹,可以直接高速撞毁卫星。

“如果比尔?戈茨的判断是正确的,则意义十分重大,美国和俄罗斯现有的反卫星武器也仅具备中低轨道拦截能力。DN-2毫无疑问是一种具有战略意义的反空间武器。”兰顺正判断,“因此,目前我国应该已经掌握了上升式反卫技术。另外,我国的共轨式反卫技术也在探索中。”

他介绍,2016年6月,中国全新研制的“长征七号”运载火箭搭载一台名为“遨龙一号”的航天设备发射升空。官方对外宣布该航天设备是一台空间碎片主动清理飞行器,任务是清理太空碎片。该航天器上装载了一台机械臂,将模拟在太空抓取废弃卫星和一些其他碎片,并带到大气层进行烧毁。

“这些都被外界视为我国在进行共轨式反卫星技术试验。”兰顺正说。

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