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西藏波密3.1地震揭秘 为何青藏高原周边多地震?

2017-08-22 08:40:43   北晚新视觉网

西藏波密3.1地震揭秘 为何青藏高原周边多地震?

原标题:西藏波密3.1地震揭秘 为何青藏高原周边多地震?

中国地震台网正式测定:8月21日9时12分在西藏林芝市波密县(北纬30.37度,东经94.84度)发生3.1级地震,震源深度8千米。(来源:大众网)

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揭秘为何青藏高原周边多地震?地壳活动频繁原因是在这儿

2017年8月15日讯,刚刚过去的8月8日和9日,在四川的九寨沟和新疆博尔塔拉州精河县,连续发生两次地震,震级分别为7.0级和6.6级。而在更早的时候,国内还发生过2008年汶川8.0级地震、2010年玉树7.1级地震、2013年芦山7.0级地震等等。如果我们分析一下这些地震,就会发现一个共同点,它们都发生在青藏高原周围。那么,青藏高原与地震之间到底有着怎么样的联系呢?

青藏高原由多个次级地块多次碰撞拼合形成——6000万年之前我国大河向西流

说起青藏高原形成的历史,很多人自然而然地联想到板块的碰撞——亚欧板块和印度板块的碰撞形成了今天高耸的青藏高原。但是,青藏高原为什么这么大?如果只是两个板块相撞,不应该是一条线吗?怎么会是一片高原?要解释这个问题,就得从青藏高原的组成说起了。

其实,青藏高原并不是一个整体,而是由好几个次一级的小块体构成的,从南向北依次为喜马拉雅地块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块、松潘-甘孜地块、柴达木地块和祁连山地块等。这些地块基本为东西走向,呈条带状,组成了我们熟悉的青藏高原。

我们所说的印度板块和亚欧板块的碰撞,一般指的是在喜马拉雅山两侧的撞击,这次撞击形成了喜马拉雅山只是高原的一部分,并不是全部,而且发生的时间较晚,大约是在6000万年前才开始的。在更早的时候,大约是5亿年前,印度板块与后来的亚欧板块之间,有一系列比较小的大陆,分别就是上面我们列举的那几个次级的地块,这些地块之间隔着海洋。大约从5亿年前开始,靠近北部的这些小地块(昆仑、祁连地块等)就开始了向北的汇聚,并逐渐拼合到后来的亚欧板块上。接着,在2.5亿年之后,随着超大陆的裂解,印度板块开始从南板块长途奔袭过来,它们中间的其余的小地块也开始了慢慢的拼合。在6000万年前的时候,印度板块最终与亚欧板块撞在一起,它们之间的海洋也最终消失。因而我们平常所说的,印度板块和亚欧板块的碰撞形成了喜马拉雅山和青藏高原,其实只说对了一半,青藏高原是由多个次级地块多次碰撞拼合才形成的。

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