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揭秘共轨反卫星武器:太空猎物追寻者 可贴身击毁卫星

2017-08-23 04:10:26   中国青年网

前述媒体表示,中国一直在测试其使用“太空猎物追寻者”的能力,通过进行一些交会—接近操作,这些卫星将潜在目标置于其打击范围内。

该媒体称,2010年中国发射“实践十二号”卫星,该卫星试图撞击中国的另一颗卫星。而2013年7月,中国发射“试验七号”“创新三号”和“实践十五号”卫星,其中一颗卫星配备了机械手臂,等全部卫星都进入轨道,机器人手臂便抓住了其中一颗卫星。

记者了解到,“实践号”卫星家族主要用于科学探测与技术实验。如“实践十二号”卫星主要用于开展空间环境探测、星间测量和通信等科学与技术实验。

对此,兰顺正表示,“中国的‘实践号’卫星主要用于测试各项太空先进技术。一定程度上存在被用于军事的可能,在未来中国应该会发展以卫星来反卫星的技术,作为应对可能发生的空天战争的手段之一。”

日本成功发射情报收集卫星。 资料图

定向能武器将成为技术主流

目前,美俄已完成或正在加紧研制有可能用于反卫星的太空武器。普遍认为,美国在反卫星领域的研究最为深入。

兰顺正表示:“从前苏联发射第一颗人造卫星起,美国陆海空三军先后研制和试验了采用核弹头、动能拦截弹头的共轨式、直接上升式反卫星武器和激光反卫星武器,共进行了30多次试验。”

他介绍,从20世纪50年代到70年代中期美国主要以核弹头试验为主。在这一时期,美国的防御重点是解决反弹道导弹问题,因此立足于建立反弹道导弹系统。与此同时,美国也利用已有的反导系统进行反卫星技术途径探索,并做了一些反卫星技术试验。1976年,美空军开始发展空中发射的直接上升式动能反卫星武器系统,并在1985年进行了首次拦截卫星的飞行试验,成功地拦截了一颗报废的实验卫星。该计划由于美苏的限制军备谈判而于1988年终止。1989年,美国开始重点发展地基直接上升式动能反卫星武器系统。反卫星导弹的动能杀伤拦截器于1994年成功地进行了地面捷联试验,并于1997年8月进行了首次悬浮飞行试验。1996年美国开始了一种新型反卫星武器的试验。这种反卫星导弹从地面发射,在导弹与卫星遭遇时,以一张巨大的聚酯板拍打卫星,使卫星内部的仪器失灵,而卫星仍保持完整的外形,从而可以减少空间碎片。

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