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人民日报评抗战胜利72周年:正视历史,方能走向持久和平

2017-08-15 08:26:29   中国青年网

一直以来,日本人的国家认同,总是包含着复杂的情感。上世纪30年代狂热的国家主义,在日本战败时被击得粉碎。战后多年,很多居民都不使用日本国旗,甚至拒绝唱国歌。对于如何重建正常的“爱国情感”,日本存在着两种路径:一是认为要彻底否定错误的国家战略,在批判侵略历史的基础上重建国家认同;二是认为应该抵制战胜国对日本战争罪行的定性,通过让日本人理解“光荣的历史”来重建国家认同。而在现实中,日本社会往往会在两种不同史观间摇摆。

历史的进程,是无法假设的。直到今天,在讨论“日本人为什么会走向战争”时,仍有人提出“如果日本得到了满洲就停手会如何?”每一次都能引起日本网民热议。军国主义的最大特点之一,就是把侵略扩张置于政治之上,“九一八事变”和“卢沟桥事变”后,虽然一度都出现了战争“扩大派”与“不扩大派”之争,但最终“扩大派”军人坚持扩大的侵略实施,实际上凸显了军国主义没法踩下刹车的本质。

史观的摇摆,如果加上政治家和舆论的模糊与暧昧,客观上就会造成历史认识的右倾。比如《脸上的红月亮》《真空地带》《审判》等文学作品,主人公本都是些侵略者,但作家极尽所能地描述的是其身心所遭受的创伤,渲染日本人所遭受的苦难,有意无意间淡化了对侵略士兵的战争问责。而近几年影响最大的小说《永远的零》,讲述了一个日本零式战斗机飞行员如何“在战争中成长”,最终作为“神风特攻队”战死于冲绳的故事。这些作品虽然没美化战争,却也没能正视历史。它们对战争罪行的竭力避免,难免让读者产生一种错觉,似乎日本人才是战争的最大受害者。

战后日本,常常为自己的“非正常国家”身份而尴尬,而某些政治家的解决方式,反而令日本陷入更为尴尬甚至危险的境地。希望日本自揭战争罪责的努力越来越多,以唤起日本社会更多的良知。其实,在历史问题上开倒车,只会让日本人更为错乱。正确而健康的国家认同,维护和平的积极努力,都只能建立在正视历史的基础上。

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