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正视历史,方能走向持久和平

2017-08-15 07:52:09   央广网

编者按:72年前,中国几乎所有报纸的头版头条,都用了醒目的大号字体书写着“日本投降”。胜利来之不易,在太平洋战争开始前,我们将日本陆军78%的兵力束缚在中国战场;日本战败时,向中国战区投降的日军占海外投降总兵力的50%以上。这个浴火重生的国家,用血肉长城在世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场书写了民族自强的历史奇迹。

历史不会忘记,支撑中国人民打到日本投降的,是伟大的抗战精神,是坚持到底的两个战场,更是中国共产党倡导建立的以国共合作为基础的抗日民族统一战线。收复失地、凝聚民心、建立政权,以抗战大义为先放下内部纷争,以全局为本提出全面抗战和持久战,以国家兴衰为重团结全民族力量……14年间一直高举“抗日到底”大旗的中国共产党,如同中流砥柱般为抗战做出了不可磨灭的历史贡献。

只有用生命捍卫过和平,才懂得和平的可贵。揭露与掩盖,逃避与反思,仍然在我们的邻国、我们的身边发生。抗战我们胜利了,但今天对于战争史观的较量并未结束。不忘战争的教训,让全世界的年轻人正确认识历史,仍然是珍爱和平、维护和平未竟的事业。

历史问题上开倒车,只会阻碍正确而健康的国家认同。维护和平的积极努力,要建立在正视历史的基础上

8月15日,是日本宣布无条件投降72周年。无论对于日本还是曾经被侵略战争伤害过的国家,这一天都无比重要。对中国抗战历史性贡献的研究,对战争罪行的回忆与反思,对反法西斯战争的定性,不仅关乎过去那场战争的教训和意义,也直接决定着今天如何捍卫和平。

最近十几年,日本各大电视台每年都会制作一些相关专题片。大部分都集中于太平洋战争时期的日本战场,片面强调日本人如何蒙受苦难,日本军人如何为保护日本而血战,努力把自己打扮成典型的“受害者”。今年,出现了一些积极的变化。12日、13日,日本NHK电视台接连播出了专题节目《本土空袭全记录》与《731部队的真实》。前者虽然再现了日本遭受美军大规模轰炸,但也再现了日军对重庆进行的200余次轰炸,以及偷袭珍珠港的事实。节目清晰地告诉日本人:是我们先做了坏事,日本是人类历史上第一个实施无差别轰炸的国家,因此理应遭到同样的报应。后者则首次公布了长达20小时的原731部队成员的认罪录音,完整地向世界展示了当年731部队如何制造毒气弹,如何进行人体实验等犯罪事实。

一直以来,日本人的国家认同,总是包含着复杂的情感。上世纪30年代狂热的国家主义,在日本战败时被击得粉碎。战后多年,很多居民都不使用日本国旗,甚至拒绝唱国歌。对于如何重建正常的“爱国情感”,日本存在着两种路径:一是认为要彻底否定错误的国家战略,在批判侵略历史的基础上重建国家认同;二是认为应该抵制战胜国对日本战争罪行的定性,通过让日本人理解“光荣的历史”来重建国家认同。而在现实中,日本社会往往会在两种不同史观间摇摆。

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