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人民日报点名万达、乐视等:莫把工具当目的

2017-08-14 10:28:39   央广网

■去杠杆是企业必须面对的新常态。今日中国经济的繁盛,实体经济是根基,金融之水来滋养,缺一不可,但不能本末倒置。

7月是电影院线的黄金档期,可企业界的大戏却比银幕上更加高潮迭起。

有临阵换帅的。4.1亿元可转债逾期,逾20亿元的私募债恐难承兑,供应商围追堵截讨债……作为股价一度高达179元的“网红”公司,乐视在这个夏天跌下神坛,创始人贾跃亭辞去一切职务。看客唏嘘,一个靠讲故事不断融资求生的企业、一个用概念创造高估值的时代,或许早该结束了。

也有高调甩卖的。总金额高达637.5亿元的万达商业、融创集团、富力地产战略合作,可谓今年以来地产界最重磅的交易。忽略换板子、摔杯子等八卦细节,万达将77个酒店和13个文旅项目打包甩卖并不突然。轻资产、去杠杆,是万达2015年至今秉承的战略,只是7月的这步更加决绝。

还有独孤求败的。2017世界500强最赚钱企业榜新鲜出炉,苹果卫冕冠军,“工建农中”四大行紧随其后,继续碾压国际同行,颇有高处不胜寒的感觉。该为如此赚钱的中国金融业高兴吗?看着仍在阵痛期爬坡过坎的中国制造业,金融业不妨多想想“皮之不存,毛将焉附”的警句。

这些看似孤立的大戏,背后却有一条红线贯穿:依靠“高杠杆、高贷款”寅吃卯粮、野蛮生长的时代,一去不返。去杠杆,解决资金空转,遏制资产泡沫,不仅是扭转脱实向虚、修复经济结构性失衡的必由之路,也是主动防范化解系统性金融风险的关键一招,更是企业必须面对的新常态。

去杠杆是大势所趋。上世纪90年代日本经济断崖式下跌、2008年美国次贷危机、2010年欧债危机,这些大规模危机无不与相关部门的杠杆率过快上升有关,而化解这些危机也都有赖于各种手段的去杠杆。

去杠杆是形势所逼。过去10年,中国金融业的过度扩张,既带来了城镇化快速发展的繁荣,也对实体经济造成了挤出效应,更导致不动产及大宗商品市场泡沫显现,埋下不可持续的高杠杆风险。唯有妥善解决以地方债、影子银行、僵尸企业为代表的高杠杆“灰犀牛”,严控期限错配和杠杆投资,才能为经济稳中有进保驾护航。

实际上,今年的中国经济半年报能够如此亮眼,特别是结构优化进展明显、工业效益大幅提升,离不开积极有效去杠杆。尽管6月末广义货币同比增长9.4%,增速再次创下历史新低,但GDP仍超预期地实现了6.9%的中高速增长,这就意味着目前的去杠杆政策既为经济增长保持在合理区间提供了必要的流动性支持,也为供给侧结构性改革创造了良好的金融环境。

去杠杆虽是“五大任务”之一,却是影响实体经济与金融业和谐共赢的先手棋。避免“去杠杆”变为部门间的“转杠杆”进而形成新的“加杠杆”,需要金融业按照供给侧结构性改革的新要求,坚定不移深化改革,突破直接融资瓶颈,改善间接融资结构,打造适应实体经济需求的金融链。正如7月召开的全国金融工作会议强调的,回归本源,金融要把为实体经济服务作为出发点和落脚点。金融是实体经济的血脉,为实体经济服务是金融的天职,是金融的宗旨,也是防范金融风险的根本举措。

今日中国经济的繁盛,实体经济是根基,金融之水来滋养,缺一不可,但不能本末倒置,切莫把工具当目的。正如一位老企业家所说,我们用锄头去种地,锄头再多再好,不耕种也没有丰收,而创造不出真实价值的锄头,再吸引眼球也永远没有意义。

(人民日报)

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