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改变历史走向的新型大国关系
2017-08-13 09:52:12 中国青年网
苏格(中国国际问题研究院院长、党委书记) :修昔底德是一个著名的古希腊历史学家,有一部非常知名的著作,叫做《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》。这部战争史谈到的是,公元前400多年在我们今天所在的希腊等地方,一些城邦国家之间征战的历史。它所揭示的主要是一个案例。当时有两个城邦,一个是雅典,另一个是斯巴达。迅速崛起的雅典是后起之秀,这引发了原有城邦国家斯巴达的恐惧和警惕,老大感觉到老二要取而代之。最终它得出的结论是,历史上凡是新兴的大国要挑战原有大国的话,战争就不可避免。
为何谈到“修昔底德陷阱”,我们经常把这个概念和中美关系联系起来?这得从哈佛大学阿里森教授谈起。大概在2012年,他写了一篇文章,谈到中美之间所面临的一些问题,会不会形成新的冲突。在新兴经济体当中,中国是比较耀眼的一颗明星,正如中国古语所讲,“木秀于林风必摧之”。阿里森教授在文章中想说的是,中国以后会不会挑战美国、伤害美国的利益?美国作为一个传统的霸权,会怎样针对中国的崛起?所以,他就把中美之间未来会不会出现冲突,用历史上伯罗奔尼撒中间的一些历史典故来形容。所以,他就说这是一个“修昔底德陷阱”,看中美能不能跨过去。
刘洪:正如苏院长所说,“修昔底德陷阱”说的就是新兴大国与守成霸权之间的关系。历史的经验弥足珍贵,苏院长,他们跨过了“修昔底德陷阱”吗?
苏格 :有人做了一个统计,就是说历史上所谓的新兴大国挑战既有大国的情况,大概有15次。在近现代史上,有4次是相对和平的,有11次是通过战争。那么现在这个问题就是说,本来就没有“修昔底德陷阱”,但是在中国的崛起当中,能不能避免我们过早地被强国瞄准器的光环锁中,这是一个非常值得研究的课题。
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