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在南极科考是种怎样的体验?听科考队员讲述

2017-08-12 08:57:01   新华网

  南极科考会不会破坏南极地区的环境?

有人类的地方肯定会对所在区域的自然环境造成影响,但我们尽量把影响降到最低,我们国家在这方面有非常严格的规定。我们大部分垃圾都是收集后运回国内处理,平时我们也会焚烧一些污染程度比较低的垃圾,即使产生一些烟也是在《南极条约环保议定书》允许范围内。同时,我们也会对污水进行净化处理后再排放。

能不能谈谈中国在南极科考上的重大成果?目前有哪些技术是在世界前列的?

从1984年在南极建站起,中国南极科考已经走过33个年头,先后在南极建立了4个考察站,并准备在罗斯海区域再建一个考察站。

当然,中国南极考察取得了非常丰厚的成果。比如,我们考察领域非常广,包括冰川、海洋、生物、空间、测绘地质、人体医学卫星遥感等。

举几个例子,中国极地研究中心的孙波研究员2009年6月在《Nature》上发表了甘布尔泽夫山脉南极冰盖起源于早期演化的文章,在国际上首次提供了南极冰盖起源的直接证据。中国科学技术大学的孙立广教授采用地质学和生态学等多学科交叉的研究方法,创造性地恢复了过去3000年来南极企鹅种群数量的变化规律以及与气候变化的关系。此外,我国对于气候变化地质、生物等领域的研究也都取得了代表性的成果。

  目前我国南极科考最大的困难是什么?有什么不足或需改进的地方?

我国的南极科考虽然发展迅速,但起步较晚,相比南极科考强国,我们面临的最大困难就是后勤保障能力不足。目前我们只有一条破冰船“雪龙船”,但严格来说它只是一条抗冰船,1993年由乌克兰建造。它为考察站的补给工作做出了不可磨灭的贡献,但是它已不能满足我们南极4个考察站的综合补给需求,所以建造新的破冰船势在必行。目前新船已经完成设计,在国内船厂动工建造,预计在2019年下水投入使用。

此外,虽然我们目前已经建立了世界上规模最大的内陆车队,但这和美国在极地以空运为主的模式相比还有很大差距。美国在罗斯海区有一个世界上最大的南极考察站麦克默多站,那里建有一个大型机场供大力神号飞机起降,可以完全通过飞机运输满足各个站点的补给需求。与之相比,如果我们的内陆车队从中山站去昆仑站,就要花近一个月的时间。

目前,我们已经在构建极地航空体系方面不断迈进,已经入列的“雪鹰601”固定翼飞机外,正在中山站附近区域选择合适地址作为机场。此外,我们还准备建立中国南极考察的航空平台,以满足不同难度的考察需求。(张蒙豫讲述 戴宇飞供图 张 雪整理)

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