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圆满完成实验任务:揭开全球首颗量子通信卫星身世之谜

2017-08-10 03:34:45   中国青年网

“那两个实验(量子纠缠分发和量子密钥分发)是从天上往地下发,地面上是大口径的望远镜接收。这种大口径的望远镜,我们国家的技术已经比较成熟。”

从卫星上下行的光束,先经过长距离的真空,再穿过最后十几公里的近地面大气层,光斑直径大约有十几米。此时产生一些扰动,对接收效果影响并不大。而从地面“上传”,光束会首先经过大气层的干扰。

为此,团队挑选了阿里这个实验地点:海拔高,光束可以少“走”一些路,年均降水少,空气干燥,人类活动的干扰也少。但也因如此,团队不得不面临另一个挑战:较为恶劣的自然条件。

负责地面站望远镜工程的任继刚,验收了5个地面站中的4个:2014年的河北兴隆站,2015年的新疆南山站和青海德令哈站,2016年的阿里站。

任继刚回忆道,他最早曾在2013年上阿里考察。直到2016年10月,地面站才通了公路。在此之前,那里只有一条用挖掘机和推土机“简单粗暴”推出来的一条土路:“只有四驱的越野车能够上去,还是像坐过山车一样。”

因此,地面站上面无法进行大型的土木工程,只能搭建工地上常见的彩钢棚。运输设备也是一个大问题。任继刚说道:“我们最后想了一个什么办法把设备运上去呢?就是把它挂在挖掘机的斗上,让它托着,然后两个人在旁边扶着不让晃,一点一点挪上去的。”最后大约1到2公里的路,他们“挪”了2个多小时。

冬天时,阿里日照时间短,地面站里的太阳能电池板供电不足。为了首先保证设备的运行,团队只能停掉操作间的空调。“墨子号”会在每天的凌晨经过阿里上方的夜空,那时,地面站的温度大约在零下20到30度。

谈起那些穿着军大衣、坐在电脑桌前的夜晚,任继刚倒是觉得并没有特别辛苦:“无外乎是冷一点,然后动起来会喘。在团队里,我算年纪比较大的了,在阿里那个团队都是85后,还有一个87年的女博士后。本身这就是自己感兴趣的事,又能看到胜利的曙光,所以干劲儿比较足。”

甚至,在回到中科大上海研究院的办公室,面对一些繁琐的日常工作,任继刚还会偶尔怀念起在海拔5100米之上,专注做一件事的单纯时光:“在阿里的时候每天很充实。每天凌晨 3点左右,它(“墨子号”)都会在自己头顶经过,实验做完然后差不多开一小时的车下山,稍微吃点东西。睡到下午两三点起来,正好天上的数据下来,起床一边吃饭一边把数据下下来,然后吃完就处理数据,大家开一个小会,讨论一下数据如何,今天做什么,就又该吃晚饭了。”

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