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城镇化变身“造城” 楼市库存拖累中西部县域经济

2017-06-19 04:46:47   经济参考报

2015年下半年,鹰潭市括苍广场项目资金链断裂,交了钱却拿不到房产证的业主们要求办理房产证,为此,当地政府专门成立了工作组来解决善后。与此同时,新余国际广场同样是资金链断裂,导致无法如期交房。

“造城运动”导致一些地方商品房大量积压,“摊大饼”挤占了县域经济发展最珍贵的土地和资金资源,尤其是市县一级三四线以下城市。记者采访的多位县委书记反映,土地和资金目前成为县域经济发展最稀缺的资源。

采访中,地方干部反映,目前产业升级、公共服务等都受制于土地指标的硬约束,记者采访的多个县主要负责人都表示,土地潜力已经挖完,土地供应捉襟见肘,大型产业化项目无法落地,目前是项目等待土地指标。

县域经济遭遇融资瓶颈

受债务影响,加之银行风险管控趋紧,县域经济遭遇融资瓶颈,在记者采访的中西部十余个县里,县域产业多为低层次的传统产业,不少企业已成僵尸企业,无法偿还贷款,而多数开发商资金断裂,银行惜贷、抽贷增多,融资难、融资贵的问题持续发酵,地方政府融资、上项目的难度自然更大。

在采访中,一些金融机构反映,商品房的大量积压,加上政府主导的一些项目如保障房、办公楼等大部分由承建方垫资,实际上困住了大量的民间投资和银行资本。

在记者采访的十余县中,财政收入普遍下降。甘肃一贫困县介绍,2013年—2014年土地出让金曾达到7亿元,近两年土地市场降温,去年的出让金不到1亿元,导致财政收入下降。

记者梳理了部分省市财政收入情况发现,今年有12省份下调公共财政预算收入增长率目标,其中中西部省份多达10个,陕西大幅度下调预算收入的主要原因是“房地产去库存压力不小”、“传统优势行业税收增长潜力有限”、“新兴产业体量小”等。一些学者认为,这显示一些地方已经认识到县域经济高耗能、高污染、高成本、低技术发展模式不可持续。

在财政收入下降的同时,一些地方为了去库存,政府对购房进行补贴。近两年,一些地方推出购房补贴方案,对城乡居民购房给予每平方米150至500元不等的财政补贴,政府获利回吐使财政雪上加霜。

更加雪上加霜的是,银行对县域房地产企业“断贷”,一些已经购房的业主也开始“断供”。据陕西榆林住建局介绍,2013年起榆林房价下跌,很多人不愿意再支付剩余的银行按揭贷款。如榆林横山县凤凰新城的购房户就出现了大面积“断供”,建行榆林分行介绍,凤凰新城在建行共办理了453笔、总额1.1亿多元的按揭贷款,后来竟有250户“断供”,约4000万元不再还贷。

国内智库机构“安邦咨询”经过调查认为,在产业发展放缓、房地产市场低迷以及地方支出刚性压力等多重因素影响下,目前部分地方政府的财政收支情况正在恶化。

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