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侠客岛:美国退出气候协定 中国的机遇期来了?

2017-06-03 07:41:35   中国搜索网

世界自然基金会的《生命行星报告》则指出,在过去的仅仅40余年间,陆地、海洋、淡水湖中的野生生物就减少了近60%,到了2020年,可能还会再减少三分之二。下面也有几张图表。

第二,特朗普(至少在说辞上)可能高估了美国传统能源行业目前的能力,也低估了新能源、清洁能源的潜力。换句话说,他只看到了履行协议可能带来的就业削减,没有看到替代的可能。

比如,路透社发布的涉及32家美国电力公司的调查结果显示,大多数公司早就脱离了煤炭行业并不打算改变现状;同时,美国去年就关闭了13000兆瓦火力发电能力,且今年预计还将减少或转化8000多兆瓦。事实上,去年美国的太阳能和风能,一共贡献了接近三分之二的新增发电能力。

另一头,在全球,2016年,发展中国家的在不包含水电的可再生能源领域的投资超过发达国家,全球绿色债券市场规模已经超过400亿美元,可再生能源领域的总投资已经超过3000亿美元,较10年前翻了6番;仅在美国,清洁能源经济也已经带来了数十万的新增就业。

第三,把锅甩给中国等发展中国家,本身是很不负责任的。排放权等于发展权,这是显而易见的道理;要发展,肯定要排放。而如果要控制全球升温,控制在不超过前工业化时代2摄氏度的标准,需要全球努力——这个时候问题就来了,各个国家历史发展阶段不同,发达国家早就开始工业能源革命了,历史上已经排放了很多,因此必须长时段来计算平均排放。

数据显示,包括美国、日本等发达国家在内的经合组织成员国,人均每年的碳排放值为9.6吨;而非经合组织国家,这一数据则仅为3.4吨。仅美国一国,废气排放量就占全球的18%。因此,责任承担也应当有所区别。

而在现实中,即使中国是发展中国家,也在履行自己的减排责任。除了煤炭去产能、大力保护环境之外,中国在去年9月就由全国人大常委会批准了巴黎协定,成为第23个完成批准协定的缔约方;2016年,中国还启动了在发展中国家开展10个低碳示范区、100个减缓和适应气候变化项目、1000个应对气候变化培训名额的合作项目。

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