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广东61种药断供:原料药价“上天” 成品价“入地”

2017-05-07 22:21:17   

对于原材料的成本攀升,李云深有体会。他给记者举例称,感冒清的生产企业都需要用吗啉胍作为辅料,但全国只有一两家企业生产这种原料药,价格从原来的每吨一两万块飙涨到一百万左右,“非常离谱”。

不仅如此,药品管理标准趋严也导致药企生产成本陡增。李云表示,以前监管部门对复方丹参片只进行成分检测,1吨三七大约可以生产5000件,2012年开始,检测标准改成严格的含量检测,要求每一片药品含有1克三七,同样的

1吨三七就只能生产1000件。再加上三七原料过去几年炒得厉害,极大提升了生产成本。还有一些药品则是由于工艺改善的提高造成成本增加,以前1块钱就能买到的感冒灵,正是由于工艺调整、生产成本与价格倒挂,不做赔本买卖的企业索性放弃了生产。

广东湛江一家药企的董事长对《每日经济新闻》记者坦言,停止供货实属无奈,近年来中药材价格大幅上涨,极大推升了生产成本。目前,有些药品的中标价格,连买原料的钱都不够。如果按约供货,不仅没利润,还要赔钱。

 原料药垄断是深层次原因

多位接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访的药品生产企业负责人都提到,原料药垄断已成为药品原料涨价的一个重要因素。

“多吧苯丙胺被要求定点生产后,生产的厂家变少,经销商都垄断了原料,维生素B1也存在这种情况。”广东一家药企的招标部门负责人张先生告诉记者,经销商垄断导致原料药成本不断上升,但由于政府的相关规定,低价药价格无法提升,企业根本无法正常生产。

今年全国两会期间,中国医药物资协会副会长、好医生药业集团董事长耿福能在其提交的《关于要求国家相关部门破除原料垄断,平抑药价的建议》中表示,部分原料药生产企业及经营企业,利用《药品管理法》及相关法规定“对实行批准文号管理的原料药,生产其制剂必须采用有批准文号的原料药”,利用手中掌握的批准文号资源,采取提高原料药价格,或不外卖原料(仅供自己生产),造成市场制剂药品价格虚高或老百姓无法买到有些救命药。

他还指出,一些医药经营公司与个别独家原料生产厂家联合涨价,导致原料药上涨近840%;也有医药经营公司以高出出厂价的价格与国外企业谈总代,导致原料药涨幅达677%等,有些原料药3内年上涨1566%等。

事实上,国家发改委也曾出手整顿原料药垄断的现象。2016年,发改委对华中药业、山东信谊、常州四药等三家公司达成并实施艾司唑仑原料药、片剂垄断协议案依法作出处罚,合计罚款超260万元。

虽然国家表现出对医药行业反垄断执法的强势态度,但部分原料药涨价势头仍然较猛,原料药价格飙涨导致上游企业供需紧张日益严重。公开资料显示,2011年10月~2013年5月,“信龙去痱水”主要原料麝香草酚的价格从275元/公斤涨到8808元/公斤,涨价32倍;地高辛片原料药从2014年9月的7.5万元/公斤逐步上涨至2015年1月时的40万元/公斤,半年上涨5倍。以印度企业生产的多潘立酮原料药为例,全国只有两个进口独家经销商,价格在两年间从900元/公斤一路涨到7000元/公斤。

然而,原料药涨价和招标降价对药品生产企业的“双重挤压”,让企业倍感受伤,最终只能导致部分药品断供。记者根据广东省药品交易中心的名单统计,1004个药品中有711个是急抢救、临床必用药和廉价药,包括急(抢)救用药61种,临床必须且采购困难的32种,廉价药335种,其他基药品种283种。

5月3日和4日,《每日经济新闻》记者多次拨打广东药交中心公开电话,希望能了解供货不及时和未供货的药品数量及厂家解释的原因,但截至发稿时仍未取得联系。广东省卫计委相关人士表示,关于药交中心的情况需咨询相关部门后再回复记者,截至发稿时记者尚未得到回应。

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