新闻 > 国内
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China

国家能源局原局长:希望有企业站出来说不要补贴

2017-05-06 20:21:21   

建议以电代油,以煤代油

说到能源安全,我认为最重要的还是石油供应安全。电力、煤炭都不是问题。今年一季度,中国已成为世界上最大的石油进口国,石油对外依存度65.2%,大约1/6的石油用作化工原料生产乙烯等,5/6还是作为燃料主要用于交通运输。尽管新能源汽车也在发展,但和传统燃油车比还是少数。石油用于发电的比重越来越少。

2016年中国的原油产量2亿吨,世界排名第五。同年进口量已经达到3.8亿吨。美国一些预测机构甚至认为我国石油对外依存度能达到80%。我曾经提议搞石油替代产品,以电代油,以煤代油。过去生产乙烯都是石油做原料,现在已经成功实现煤制乙烯。全国大概建成有18套煤制烯烃装置,年生产能力1000万吨乙烯。

发展电动汽车方兴未艾,除了减少排放,电动汽车是最典型的以电代油。电动汽车最关键的还是动力电池技术,目前以三元锂电池为主流,无论是特斯拉的镍钴铝锂、比亚迪的磷酸铁锂,还是最近银隆的钛酸锂,都属于三元锂电池。

也有企业仍然关注超级电容和燃料电池的开发,日本丰田本田都推出了氢燃料电池,丰田希望2018年进入中国市场。锂电池受到续航距离、充电时间和电量衰减的制约,容重比比较小。电池重量重,还要防止自燃。燃料电池的催化剂较贵,基础设施和制氢大规模产业化不成熟。石墨烯同样没有真正进入实际应用。今后储能电池的发展方向究竟是锂电池、燃料电池、还是超级电容?还有待观察。

 希望有企业站出来说不要补贴

这几年中国能源领域发生了里程碑式的变化。改革开放以来中国一直处于电力供应的紧张状态,拉闸限电成为那个年代的写照,2014年以后这一状态发生了历史性的转折,从缺电转为电力供应过剩,发电设备的发电小时数逐年下降。2016年年发电小时数已经降到了3785小时,下降了203小时。而火电机组设计的年平均发电小时是5500小时,已经影响了发电企业的效益

去年因为煤价较低,发电企业效益可观。但随着煤价回升,发电企业感到了压力,发电企业重蹈钢铁、煤炭产能过剩的担忧越来越大。出现这一转折的原因是我国多年持续不断的高强度的电力建设。1949年解放时我国装机容量才173万千瓦,改革开放初期1978年5712万千瓦,1987年1亿千瓦,1994年2亿千瓦,2016年16.5亿千瓦。2005年以后几乎每年新增1亿千瓦。

我国火电机组的先进性强于美国,每千瓦时煤耗也达到了世界先进水平。但发电装机容量的持续增长也带来了发展的烦恼,由于在建机组很多,今后几年装机容量还将增长,发电小时数还会下降。这两年弃风弃光弃水报道很多,甚至也发生了弃核。这么多的浪费实在可惜!每个人都能说出一大堆理由,但我认为根本原因是出现了电力的过剩。现在风电加光伏只占全国发电量的4%,如果输配电和储能装置跟得上,这点电不应该弃之不用。电网公司有个10%可再生能源电力配备90%火电的理论,简称“打捆外送”。地方政府也愿意这么做,拉动了地方建设。如果这个理论成立,风电光电还不如不上,因为每增加10%风光电就要增加90%的煤电。

上一页4/5下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000159/20170506/30495495_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 14:00:23

Powered by China
China